مقایسهء برخی از واژگان پایه در زبان زازاکی با دیگر زبانهای هندو-اروپایی / Einige Wörter aus dem Grundwortschatz des zazaischen im Vergleich mit anderen Indogermanischen Sprachen (original) (raw)
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ماهیت زبان در اندیشه سوسور و فارابی
جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام, 2019
With the critique of the historical-comparative trends surrounding language, Saussure sets intralingual elements as his point of departure. In his view, the realized and dynamic nature of language does not reflect its true nature. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the static aspect of language or the synchronic approach to language. Saussure, under the influence of Kant's epistemology, separates the domains of language into langage, langue and parole, and restricts the concrete object, or in some way language principles, to the langue. Farabi has explored linguistic reflections in the tradition of Islamic philosophy in a close relation with Saussure. He begins his linguistic studies with a fresh and new reading of the associations between language and logic. By arguing that speech (notgh) and logic (mantegh) are derived from the same root, he traces back the origin of logic to language. In the idea of Farabi, speech is the fundamental and general aspect of language. He summarized three realms of language into rational soul (Nafse Nateghe), inner word and outer word, where the inner word is home to linguistic elements. Irrespective of this issue, in semiotics, the relationship between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary in a way that is comparable to that of speech and logic. The present paper, by delving into three domain of language proposed by Saussure, seeks to exhibit that this structuralist conception is not new. For centuries, in the tradition of Islamic philosophy, Farabi has elaborated on such reflections. Farabi's notion of dividing linguistic signs into two parts of speech and logic and the tripartite division of language offers a new conception of linguistics, which marks the beginning of a new trend of studies in Islamic linguistics.
Polytechnic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
شارستانى ئیسلامى لەسەر بنەماى کۆکردنەوەى هێزى ئیمان و باوەڕ و خۆشەویستى زانست دامەزراوە، ئەم شارستانیەتە سودى زۆرى لەشارستانیەتيەکانى پێش خۆى وەرگرت وەک (هیندى و چینى و یونانى...هتد)، بەتایبەتى لەبوارى زانستە جیاوازەکانى وەک (بیرکارى و کیمیا و فیزیا و میکانیک و گەردونناسى...هتد) ، بۆیە پەرەى بەم زانستانەدا و داهێنانى گەورەى تێداکردن و گەیاندنیە لوتکە، هەروەها شارستانیەتیەکانى دواى خۆشى سودى گەورەیان لەشارستانى ئیسلامى وەرگرت. شارستانى ئیسلامى، شارستانیەتیەکى گشتگیرە و تەواوى گەلانى ناو شارستانیەتەکە بەژدار بوون لەبنیاتنانى، کوردیش وەک یەکێک لەگەلانى موسڵمان ڕۆڵێکى بەرچاویان هەبووە، لەناو ئەم شارستانیە، هەردوو زانا (ئیسماعیل جەزیرى و زەینەدین ئامەدى)ڕۆڵێکى گەورە و داهێنان کارانایان یان هەبووە لەشارستانى ئیسلامیدا، بەتایبەتیش لەزانستى میکانیکدا، کار و داهێنانەکانى ئەم دوو زانایە خزمەتى زۆریان بەڕەوتى گەشەسەندنى شارستانیەت و زانستى میکانیکیان کردووە، هەروەها خزمەتى گەورەى مرۆڤایەتیان کردووە، کە تا ئەمڕۆش کارەکانیان جێگەى گرنگى توێژەران و زانایانى ئەو بوارەن، ئەوەى جێگەى تێبینیە لەناو ک...
Journal of the College of languages
Second language learner may commit many mistakes in the process of second language learning. Throughout the Error Analysis Theory, the present study discusses the problems faced by second language learners whose Kurdish is their native language. At the very stages of language learning, second language learners will recognize the errors committed, yet they would not identify the type, the stage and error type shift in the process of language learning. Depending on their educational background of English as basic module, English department students at the university stage would make phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and lexical as well as speech errors. The main cause behind such errors goes back to the cultural differences of the language learners. Other errors go back either to the spoken form of the second language itself or to the teacher teaching the second language.
2016
The Holy Quran, due to its unique style, eloquence and brevity has many distinctive miraculous features. These peculiarities can not be explained and elaborated without the skill and expertise in classical Arabic language. But it has to be kept in mind that though very important, language has a secondary rank in the deduction of commandments from Quran. The negative aspects related to deduction of meaning based on only language aspects and not the considering the other factors inappropriately neglects the following: 1. Fixation of meaning while considering the particular contexts. 2. Consideration and regard to the meanings of the words which were in use at the occasion of divine revelation of Quran (use of those words can possibly change over the centuries and what is important is referring to the classical Arabic). 3. Consideration towards understadnig the distinction between the actual meaning and the metaphorical meaning. 4. Prefering the rational meaning of the words which can have various different meanings. 5. Understanding the meaning in the light of interpretation provided by the Prophet ﷺ himself and his blessed companions We see that these prime pattersn of driving the correct meaning of Quranic verses are missing in the Qadyani methodology of Quranic exegesis and in their other books. This paper elaborates these and other relevant aspects in detail while providing detailed evidences and examples.
The Journal of University of Duhok, 2023
This study seeks to examine literature written by Kurdish writers in the diaspora, particularly the genre of the novel. The study attempts to reveal the influence of foreign culture on Kurdish novelists in the diaspora and the extent to which this is reflected in their novels. One of the most serious consequences of this influence is the loss of self. To conduct the study, psychological perspectives have been employed, in particular Alfred Adler’s insights into the loss of self.Two novels from diaspora literature have been chosen for the study; Xeca Berlînî(Khaje from Berlin) by Hessen Ibrahim and Pêlên Bêrîkirnê (Waves of Longing) by Mustafa Aydogan. The study demonstrates that the main characters in both novels experience culturalshock in the diaspora, which in turn leads to their suffering from psychological problems, most notably the loss of self. KEYWORDs: Novel, diaspora, Foreign Culture, Adler and the loss of self.
ﺟﻠﺪ 24 ﺷﻤﺎره ، 2 ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ، 403-392) 1396 (وﻳﮋﮔﻲ از ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ در اﻧﺪﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻪ روﻳﺸﻲ و ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻫﺎي آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻧﺎزﻳﻼ ﻧﮋاد 1 ﻋﺼﺮي ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ، 2 * ﭘﺎﻛﺮوان ﻣﻨﻴﮋه ، 3 ﻧﺠﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ و زاده 4 ﺟﻠﺪ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎن و ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ 24 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 393 ﺟﻠﺪ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎن و ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ 24 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 403 Abstract Acantholimon gilliatii, Astragalus aharicus and A. neo-mobayenii are the endemic species with one population in East Azarbaijan. Previous observations of researchers have shown that survival of these species at risk and their distribution is being limited. In this study, topographic, climatic and soil characteristics were investigated in habitats of these species. Also, coverage, height density and phenology of the study species were determined by using 10 plots in each area with random method during 2013 and 2014. The habitat of A. gilliatii is very limited in the southern slopes of ...