A HISTORY OF THE BRAIN (original) (raw)
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The History of the Human Brain through Ages
International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2018
This essay aims to be a summary of the main milestones of the history of the human brain through ages, highlighting the remarkable capabilities of this organ, such as telepathic communication and clairvoyance.
Editorial: History of Neuroscience
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2020
Neuroscience is the scientific research movement emerging in the United States around Francis Otto Schmitt (1903-1995) at the MIT in the 1960s. It was thought as an unifying framework first centred on molecular biology, and extending its scope progressively to virtually all novel aspects of the study of the nervous system including cognition, behaviour and therefore neurology, psychology and psychiatry. The Neuroscience Research Program of Schmitt was in fact an epistemological project of interdisciplinarity in the brain sciences rooted in the basic science researches and clinical investigations of the early XXth century, mainly developing in the XXth century around the major breakthroughs in neurophysiology and in cellular neuroscience between the 1930s and the 1990s rewarded by numerous Nobel Prizes in this domain. Recently, molecular and cellular neuroscience also focus on establishing contacts between animal studies and investigations in man with the revolutionary neuroimaging techniques. From a broader perspective, the association of medical procedures and disciplines in the study of the brain can be traced back to Antiquity with famous experiments such as the observation of an epileptic goat in the Hippocratic Corpus or the observation of the effects of cerebellar lesions in the dog by Pourfour du Petit in XVIIIth century, France. Historical enquiries help understand how different experimental approaches and clinical investigations were combined in the study of the nervous system at each time period, and this is what the history of neuroscience means.
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2012
This compilation of abstracts contains the proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the International Society for the History of the Neurosciences that was jointly orga- nized with Cheiron – the International Society for the History of the Behavioral and Social Sciences. The meeting was held at the University of Calgary, Rozsa Centre (June 16–19, 2011) and followed by an after-conference retreat with workshops at the Banff Centre for the Arts (June 19–23, 2011). This volume of Journal of the History of the Neurosciences (JHN) — due to length restrictions — is able to publish only the ISHN-related abstracts as found on the 2011 conference program. The criteria used in the selection were ISHN membership, keynote lecture invitation that came from ISHN or in conjunction with Cheiron, lecture, panel, and work- shop contributions solicited by ISHN members on the program committee, or abstracts sent to the ISHN review committee. The abstracts from the student poster presentations at the History of Neuroscience Student Poster Workshop in Banff are not included in this compilation. For the first time, ISHN organized a conference with our sister society, Cheiron – The International Society for the History of the Behavioral & Social Sciences in the forty-third year of their meeting history. In fact, it was a great honor and a real delight to have been the ISHN President during the planning phase of this conference. In building upon per- sonal friendships, including those who have double memberships in both of the societies, the joint program committee as well as the local program committee were successful in developing an exciting, intellectual, and highly stimulating program. All of the paper and poster sessions, mutual discussion panels, and fascinating keynote and featured lectures were integrated so superbly that now it seems regrettable that they are being torn apart for the sake of publishing only the ISHN-related abstracts. The program committee responsible for the meeting organization consisted of Dr. Fred Weizmann (York University, Toronto, Ontario) for the Cheiron side and Dr. Frank W. Stahnisch (The University of Calgary [UofC], Calgary, Alberta) for the ISHN side as Co- Chairs; and the local organizing committee comprised of Dr. Henderikus J. Stam (History of Psychology, UofC) and Dr. Andrew G. M. Bulloch (History of Neuroscience Interest Group, UofC). The review committee responsible for the conference proceedings were scholars from ISHN: Drs. Stanley Finger (St. Louis, USA), Paul Foley (Sydney, Australia), Marjorie Lorch (London, United Kingdom), Malcolm Macmillan (Melbourne, Australia), and Harry Whitaker (Marquette, USA); and from Cheiron: Drs. Ingrid Farreras (Frederick, USA), Michael John Pettit (Toronto, Canada), Larry Stern (Plano, USA), and Jerry Sullivan (Plano, USA). The two Co-Chairs have been very grateful for their advice during the plan- ning and organization phase of the meeting, while also the help and assistance of Beth Cusitar and Charity Derksen (both UofC) should be greatly acknowledged, as well as that of half a dozen of summer students and many faculty colleagues. The meeting was financially supported from conference grants by various Canadian and international institutions and agencies, such as the University of Calgary, the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, the Calgary Institute for Population and Public Health, Alberta Innovates – Health Solutions, the Alberta Medical Foundation, The Calgary Institute for the Humanities; the Journal Theory and Psychology, the Society for Neuroscience; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Calgary History of Medicine and Health Care Program, as well as both societies: ISHN and Cheiron. The organizers sin- cerely and wholeheartedly wish to thank all those who have made this intriguing meeting possible and are most grateful for their very important help and support.
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Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience
Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience, 2007
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History and Neuroscience: An Integrative Legacy Author(s
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This course examines the expansion and proliferation of the neurosciences from the early modern period to the present. We will investigate the recent claim that we are living in the midst of a "neuro-revolution" with vast social, political, and economic consequences around the globe. Yet at the same time, we will look to the past for similar moments of transition and transformation of the modern sciences abetted by experiments on the nervous system. Students will analyze texts from Descartes to Damasio, paying attention to the rhetorical explanatory power of certain epistemic objects and instruments--samples of brain tissue, synaptic networks, clinical case histories, MRI scans--as well as the institutional power-shifts that sanctioned research practices such as vivisection, phrenology, electrophysiology, and functional imaging. Through our reading of primary sources by philosophers and physicians and secondary sources by historians and sociologists, this course will explore what is at stake in the "neuro-turn," and why it provokes such a mixed reaction of hope and hype, then as well as now.