At the Command of God? On the Political Linkage of Islamist Parties (original) (raw)
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e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2013
ABSTRACT The level of voters’ loyalty to a political party gives important clues in terms of analysis of voters and prediction of their behaviors. The possible changing in voting behavior of voters who have high party loyalty is generally low. On the other hand, the voters who have low party loyalty get involved in undecided part and generally have floating voter behavior. In this respect, voters’ loyalty to a political party composes an important data resource for people conducting a political campaign. In this study, voters’ loyalty to a political party was handled which is stated as declining after 1990s. The research was done in 16 cities composing 58% of total voter number to present Turkish voters’ loyalty to a political party. While determining research group, the ratio of the number of voters in metropolitans to the total number of voters is taken into account and 1389 questionnaire conducted. As a result of this study, it is concluded that Turkish voters have a high loyalty to a political party in terms of general loyalty, but there is a medium level loyalty in terms of affective, continuance and normative commitment. Moreover, it is obtained that the most important factor influencing voters’ general loyalty is normative commitment. Keywords: Political Party Loyalty, Political Communication, Political Campaign, Political Parties, Organizational Commitment ÖZET Seçmenlerin parti bağlılık düzeyleri seçim kampanyalarında seçmenlerin analizi ve seçmen davranışlarının tahmini açısından önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Genel olarak Parti bağlılığı yüksek seçmenlerin oy verme davranışında değişim ihtimali düşüktür. Buna karşın parti bağlılığı düşük olan seçmenlerin genellikle kararsız seçmenler grubunda oldukları ve yüzergezer oy verme davranışına sahip oldukları söylenebilir. Bu bakımdan siyasal kampanya yürütücülerinin önemli veri kaynaklarından birini seçmenlerin parti bağlılıkları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, özellikler 1990’lı yıllardan sonra giderek azaldığı belirtilen seçmenlerin parti bağlılığı ele alınmıştır. Türkiye seçmeninin parti bağlılığının ortaya konması amacıyla Türkiye’deki toplam seçmen sayısının yaklaşık %58’ini oluşturan 16 Büyükşehirde araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma denek grubunun belirlenmesinde büyükşehirlerin sahip olduğu seçmen sayılarının toplam seçmen sayısına oranı dikkate alınmış ve toplam 1389 seçmenle anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, Türkiye seçmeninin genel bağlılık açısından yüksek düzeyde parti bağlılığına sahip olduğu; ancak duygusal bağlılık, devam bağlılığı ve normatif bağlılık faktörleri bakımından orta düzeyde bir bağlılığın söz konusu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca seçmenlerin genel bağlılığını etkileyen en önemli bağlılık faktörünün normatif bağlılık olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Parti Bağlılığı, Siyasal İletişim, Seçim Kampanyası, Siyasal Partiler, Kurumsal Bağlılık
Attitudinal Orientation to Party Organizations in Turkey in the 2000s
Turkish Studies, 2008
ErsinKalaycıo[gbreve]lu kalaycie@sabanciuniv.edu A BSTRACT The Turkish party system experienced a serious blow in the early 1980s, when the military government in power closed down all the former legal political parties. Therefore, little evidence of strong psychological ties between voters and the political parties they supported at the polls is expected. This essay draws upon existing literature on voting behavior to develop four hypotheses to explain partisan affiliations of Turkish voters. Each of the hypotheses is then put to empirical tests, using data collected by means of a nationally representative survey. The four independent variables used in the four hypotheses are the role of
PhD Dissertation, 2016
The Justice and Development Party (JDP – Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi) in Turkey was founded by a reformist spin-off from the Islamist National View (Milli Görüş) tradition in 2001 and came to power in 2002. Between 2002 and 2014, the JDP and its leader Erdoğan remained in power by receiving 35–50% of all votes in several elections despite many social, economic and political crises. The literature on the “normalization” of Islamist politics and the JDP’s unprecedented electoral resilience in Turkey overwhelmingly focused on the economic and social-structural reasons. This dissertation aims to complement existing explanations by focusing on the role of party agency: the political appeal and organization of the JDP. The research relied on in-depth interviews with around 50 participants, the overwhelming majority of which came from various hierarchical levels and branches of the JDP across Turkey. It is argued that the party’s “low-populist” political appeal/style consolidated the JDP’s connection with the low-income, peripheral and provincial majority of the country. The JDP leadership also encapsulated divergent segments within the party organization and within its electoral base (the pluralization caused by Islamist party normalization) through a tightly controlled, year-round active, large and pervasive membership organization. The personalistic leadership of the party supported this massive membership organization with political marketing techniques. As a result, the JDP became a “personalistic membership party”, which blended mass and elite-based party models. Thus, the dissertation highlights the combination of a “low-populist” appeal with a “personalistic membership party” as a convenient mode of agency for electorally succesful Islamist party normalization. Another implication of the research is that despite the rise of elite-based party models and capital intensive campaign techniques, particularly in the developing world which is characterized by uneven socio-economic development, various traits of the mass party model are still indispensable for electoral success and political resilience.
Linkage Functions of Parties within and Outside Parliaments.docx
There are various linkage institutions that connect citizens to government, which include: Political Parties, Interest/Pressure Groups, and Media. However, this paper aims at identifying the linkage functions of political parties within and outside the parliaments with the aim to determining the role and influence parties play on the quality of representative democracy. Thus, the paper analyses parties in three parts: party in the electorate; party in organisation (as a political group); and party in government.
The interconnection and interdependence between religion, politics and the nation-state is the core behind the political legitimization and considers as the basic pillar of a state. The state like Pakistan, which emerged on the map of the world during the decolonization process in the name of religion, it is important to know either religion plays any role in religio-socialization or in the electoral cum political framework. Pakistan is the country rich with political parties, conservatives and liberal. The paper aims to investigate why religio-political parties did not succeed to achieve their goal of Islamization of the state and religio-socialization of the society. It will also seek why these religio-political forces did not succeed to win the popular votes in the majority even then these were contesting the elections regularly. The paper will discuss the causes behind the declining electoral performance of these parties. Religio-political Parties in Pakistan: A Historical Perspective: A political party has centric role in the modern political system. It plays an important role in the socio-political transformation of the society and articulating the citizens' aspirations. Political parties reflect the public will in the state institutions and are responded in the elections by the masses on the basis of their agenda which manifests the desires and needs of the society. Political parties became an inevitable instrument for the transformation of the public will into political will in the subcontinent after the British introduced democratic system. The role of political parties is very important in " interests articulation " , " aggregation " and channel them in the political system for policies and decisions. Different political parties'channelized the " ideological abstraction " , " cultural symbols and historical references " for creating and promoting political awareness among the masses. The parties used to mobilize the public availing the social realities and predefined ideologies through their election manifestos. Caton illustrates four main objectives of the political parties. First, Political parties used to formulate policies and programs to uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the masses under the ambit of national interest. Secondly, the parties used to space the pubic popular demands in their electoral manifestos to get the maximum electoral support during the elections. Thirdly, political parties are the best leadership breeders. They used to recruit the individuals and trained them to run how to run the government. Fourth, The centrality of the all the political parties is to attract the electorates in maximum to win the election and gain the power 1 .
International Journal of Social Science, 2024
This research wants to know the process of political communication in factionalism that occurs in Islamic Parties, namely Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). The approach taken in this research is qualitative with case study research type and interview method as data collection technique. Interviews were conducted with 12 (twelve) resource persons. The theories used in this research are political communication theory, conflict theory, and faction theory. The results showed that there are stages in Prosperous Justice Party factionalism, namely cooperative factionalism, competitive factionalism, and degenerative factionalism. In these three stages, each stage was analyzed in accordance with the elements of political communication, namely sender, encoding, message, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. In the cooperative factionalism stage, there are justice and welfare factions. At the competitive factionalism stage, there are conflicts between factions and at the degenerative factionalism stage marked by the birth of a new party, namely the Gelombang Rakyat Indonesia party. The generation system in Prosperous Justice Party as a recipient communication element, palys a role in political communication and strengthens the party's ability to overcome persistent conflicts and has saved the party from prolonged conflict. In addition to regeneration, PKS leaders and the Majelis Syuro as sender elements or communicators, have a central role in the political communication process. Their role covers various aspects, from formulating party messages to communicating with the public, party members, and other stakeholders.
ACTIVITY OF PARTIES IN CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS
The article formulates the key task for activists and politicians at the nation state level: to design and create legal constitutional political organizations – i.e. managing subsystems of sufficient complexity aimed to govern the state as a system and neutralize external influences. It is important that the complexity of such managing subsystems should grow faster than the complexity of other subsystems within this system, the system itself and external systems. It demonstrates that a successful (effective and efficient) modern political organization should be able to distinguish external influences and generate its own managing influences simultaneously at all four levels of management: organizational, structural, conceptual, informational and directive. The paper provides insights into the technological process of political parties as a set of operations that involve processing of “raw material” (information) into semi-finished products to produce “finished products” (managing influences) of a given complexity and intensity. This technological process must properly bring together the “work processes” of political party members during regular meetings and in the intervals between them with the natural processes of group dynamics, which cannot be subject to deliberate manual regulation by “workers” and the management (members of the party and its leaders). It is shown that the methodology of political party activity and the methods of team work in large groups of its members are two independent factors available for the initiators of new or leaders of already existing political organizations who are intent on introducing changes. Two criteria for making a good choice are formulated. First of all, it is the conformity of the chosen methodology and methods of activity with the type of the organizational structure of political parties as recommended by the theory of organizations for the given conditions of the environment. The second criterion is the ability to cope with the increasing complexity in the process of the political organization’s quantitative growth without losing the predetermined set of emergent qualities. The paper demonstrates that only the political parties that will be able to generate internal ethics can have a future in Ukraine. This can be achieved only in large groups, where interaction is arranged by means of technologies that bring together the processes of teamwork of political party members and the natural processes of group dynamics within the framework of a well-chosen methodology of activity and methods of teamwork in large groups.
IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN TURKEY; THE SAMPLE OF JDP, RPP, AND NMP
Political parties, in the position of a component of democracies with vital importance and still the most important participation instrument of today, participate in the political life with certain aim sand reasons. In shaping of these aims and reasons, the ideological fundamentals the parties are based on are highly effective. It is assumed that at least, in theory, the policies the parties implemented; the principles being effective in arising of these policies; manners and attitudes shown in the face of any event, situation, and contentious problem; and numerous political activities such as the activities they organized or participated in are determined and come into existence in the frame of these ideologies and the values possessed This study aims to study the ideological backgrounds of three major parties finding place in Parliament (JDP, RPP and NMP), acquiring the votes of about 80 percent of voters in Turkey for ten years, are based on In this direction, also considering the values and symbols the parties of interest from past to the present day and carrying out an analysis about their ideological backgrounds through the policies they have introduced and the actions and rhetoric they have produced, their distinctions and skills are attempted to be analyzed.
European Journal of Political Research, 1997
Nomination: Costs and benefits of party membership reconsidered by Wolfgang C. Müller, p.169 Reflections: Party as linkage by Richard S. Katz, p171