Was Pakistan created in the name of Islam? (original) (raw)

‘Two Nations’

2007

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the secular and religious dimensions of Muslim nationalism in colonial South Asia. Although the Muslim League under Jinnah argued that Muslims in South Asia constituted a distinct nation and laid claim to territorial sovereignty on the basis of religion, it sought to simultaneously deny its salience to the construction of the new nation after the Muslim 'homeland'of Pakistan was established in 1947.

How communal really were Allama Iqbal and the two-nation theory?

DailyO, 2017

Last year, an article on Allama Muhammad Iqbal almost went into oblivion. Ironically, it was on why "Iqbal was going out of fashion". This April was Iqbal's 79th death anniversary. Whether or not he goes out of fashion, his two-nation theory never does — much to the political tragedy of both India and Pakistan. His ghost is posthumously awarded each year the sobriquet of "philosopher of Islam", apart from his life being relegated as that of an eccentric who first called for an independent Muslim nation. Lovers and antagonists of Islam — be that political or religious — want to subsume Iqbal in a homogenous discourse. Of course, it was not Islam that wanted an independent nation, but Iqbal and Mohammad Ali Jouhar; followed by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, who coined the name "Pakistan", in the Pakistan Declaration; Mohammad Ali Jinnah; and other ideologues of the Muslim League.

ROLE OF JINNAH IN THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN

The partition of India is etched in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The tragedy that unfolded with the mass expedition of people from different areas to the newly created states of India and Pakistan has been the subject of various movies, books and poetry. Many scholars have focused on the political progression that directed to the division of India, the creation of Pakistan, and the associated violence. Numerous people have attempted to find out who was the guilty and how far mutual ideas had made inroads into secular parties and sensibilities. But the main objective of this paper is to reveal the personality of Mohammad Ali Jinnah who played an important role in drawing boundaries between India and Pakistan. Jinnah had visualized that Pakistan would be a homeland for the Muslims of India without knowing that partition would give a free lead to genocide, mass migration and untold sufferings on millions. There has been much speculation about the role of the British in stepping up the partition, and Gandhi's inability to prevent it. Whatever the causes of the partition, the brute facts cannot be challenged. All available evidences show that Jinnah alone was not responsible for the creation of Pakistan. Partition was not only the result of the British divide and rule policy but also the outcome of exact political blueprint to carry the partition of the country. In the present paper the role of Jinnah in the creation of Pakistan has been analyzed in context to Jaswant Singh's book " Jinnah – India – Partition – Independence " and Jamil Dehlavi's film " Jinnah " .

MAULANA AZAD, MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH AND THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN

Religious Extremism and the Transformation of Social Fabric of Pakistani Society: A Case study of Policies of Zia’s Regime, Analysis of its Causes and Impact, 2022

The contradictions of great historical figures sometimes seem very disturbing, for example the personality of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. On one hand, he is respected in religious circles as a learned scholar, who was well versed in Islamic theology. But on the other hand, in the political, social and collective spheres, he had a heavy commitment to Indian National Congress and its politics so much so that he was ready to go to any extent for this and proved it by his words and actions. Maulana Azad was deeply committed to secularism at the educational, socio-political level. This paper seeks to analyze the thought of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and his differences with the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam Muhamamd Ali Jinnah, on various issues. The main topic of discussion is his political thought, which is both liked and disliked by Muslims of the subcontinent. In India, he became the first Education Minister and respected as a freedom fighter and in Pakistan he is disliked by Muslims, who thinks he misguided a large section of Indian Muslims of the Pakistan movement and separate nationalism based on religious identity.

The Ideology of Pakistan -Revisited

Journal of Social Sciences, 2020

The creation of Pakistan is justified and criticised enormously in the literature on South Asia. Opposition to the idea continues but in different contours and has wreaked the minds of younger generation in Pakistan. Justification of the idea also needs to come up with the same vigour but with arguments appropriate to the time and place. The demand for Pakistan can be explained as the result of differences primarily political between the two communities and political parties. These differences neither could be dissolved nor arbitrated but assent and elevated to the emergence of new political thinking or ideology among the Indians in Indo-Pak Subcontinent in the first half of the 20 th century. At a certain stage advocates of the idea mobilized people and transformed into a coherent political movement for the division of India and creation of Pakistan. Both Hindus and Muslims and their main political representatives; Congress and Muslim League provided enough reasons to formulate this ideology  .