2014 - Sours « Les Friches de Flotville » (Eure et Loir), mise en évidence de sols néolithiques et protohistoriques en plaine de Beauce, approche et limite de terrain et d’étude, Méthodologie de la terrain sur la Préhistoire récente en France, Nouveaux acquis, nouveaux outils, (original) (raw)
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Gallia, 71-2, 2014, pp. 3-46., 2015
Résumé. Les tombes du milieu de l’âge du Fer des plaines languedociennes sont encore fort mal connues. La fouille préventive menée en 2004 sur le site de la Pailletrice, à Pérols, près de Montpellier, a livré quatre tombes à fossé circulaire de la fin du VIe s. et du début du Ve s. av. J.-C. Ces structures sont groupées à proximité immédiate d’un chemin empierré, attesté dès le dernier quart du VIe s. av. J.-C. Pour la première fois dans cette région, l’état de conservation du gisement permet d’affirmer le caractère funéraire de tels cercles fossoyés. Le monument le mieux conservé montre un fossé périphérique limitant un tumulus de terre très bas, vers le centre duquel se trouvent un dépôt secondaire de crémation avec son ossuaire et les restes de deux vases en bronze, ainsi qu’une fosse peu profonde contenant des résidus du bûcher. Dans les fossés de tous ces monuments sont conservés des restes plus ou moins nombreux d’amphores et de vases à boire, témoins de possibles cérémonies auprès des tombeaux. Les données livrées par ce gisement sont insérées dans le contexte des pratiques funéraires du premier âge du Fer du Languedoc oriental. Abstract. Graves dating from the Middle Iron Age in the Languedocian plains remain little known. The preventive excavation conducted in 2004 at la Pailletrice in Pérols, close to Montpellier, uncovered four graves with circular pits from the end of the VIth c. BC and the early Vth c. BC They are gathered next to a stone path, testified from the last quarter of the VIth c. B.C. For the first time in this area, the vestiges have been preserved enough to assess the funerary characteristics of such circular pits. The best preserved monument shows a peripheral ditch marking out a very low earth barrow with a secondary cremation deposit next to its centre, an ossuary with the remains of two bronze vases, and a shallow pit containing residues from the pyre. A series of amphorae and drinking vessels remains have been preserved in all these pits, likely proof of rituals performed next to the graves. The data these vestiges revealed is then integrated within the context of funerary practices during the first Iron Age in eastern Languedoc.
Sénépart I., Billard C., Bostyn F., Praud I., Thirault É. (dir), Méthodologie de la terrain sur la Préhistoire récente en France, Nouveaux acquis, nouveaux outils, 1987-2012, Actes des premières Rencontres Nord/Sud de Préhistoire récente, Marseille, 23-25 mai 2012, 2014
Understanding the function of Neolithic occupation floors in open air sites is fundamental for understanding occupation methods, both on the scale of the habitation and that of the territory. However, their identification is often discussed as a result of the absence of clear morpho-sedimentary criteria. Even if they are revealed by concentrations of artefacts, the question of their preservation remains generally open, limiting interpretation as a result. Over the last two decades, geo-archaeological research carried out during preventive archaeology operations and based on the micromorphology of the floors has been focused on understanding how occupation floors were formed, in terms of preservation and the materials and timescales of the spaces that they reflect. This method also attempts to specify the reliable indicators perceptible during excavation. The results presented in this article relate to the floors of external spaces identified as courtyards and on floors created inside buildings and are illustrated by examples from archaeological sites with contexts considered as unfavourable to the preservation of occupation floors.