A Short Report on the Excavation at an Early Bronze Age Site (no. 051) in Varzaneh-Kafarved Plain, Eastern Part of the Zāyandeh-Rud Basin; گزارش کوتاه کاوش محوطه 051 در شرق حوضه آبریز زاینده رود، دشت کفرود ورزنه، تابستان 1398 (original) (raw)
Background and Aim: In recent years, using cochlear implant has indicated a significant positive effects on the hearing improvement of many hearing impaired children. Although cochlear implantation has provided marked benefits in a wide range of linguistic, psychological and social abilities in these children, numerous researches show that many impacts can be reduced without support from home, education and rehabilitation. Thus, many researchers have tried to introduce the most efficient methods of rehabilitation for educating these children. Music is one of these methods having many advocates. The purpose of this study was to show how and why music can be useful for cochlear implant children according to some neurological evidences. Methods: In this study, some researches on the effects of music on various aspects of growth and brain development in different people are reviewed. Then, based on the results of these studies and development of linguistic and musical areas in the hearing impaired children brains, various therapeutic aspects of music for these children are analyzed. Conclusion: Hearing impaired children have delay in development of linguistic abilities compared to their peers. Music could compensate this delay via stimulating the vast areas of brain. It increases neuronal growth factors, neurogenesis and plasticity. Thus it may improve many auditory, linguistic and even cognitive and motor skills in hearing impaired children and thereby compensate their developmental delays. Keywords: hearing impaired children, cochlear implant, basic musical concepts, language acquisition
Meta-analysis Study of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Iran
2020
Objective Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major causes of lost working time, increased costs, human injuries and burnout. The International Labor Organization estimates that about 160 million work-related illnesses occur worldwide each year, where the highest prevalent illnesses are musculoskeletal disorders. Several studies have been conducted In Iran to investigate the prevalence of these disorders, each providing different statistics. Therefore, considering the importance of these disorders, it is necessary to obtain accurate results with high statistical power and validate them. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Iran in order to obtain more accurate results by conducting a meta-analysis. Materials & Methods For this meta-analysis, searching was conducted in SID, MagIran, IranMedex, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases using the keyword “work-related musculoskeletal disorders“ in both Persian and English on studies conducted during 2001-2016 in various cities of Iran. Inclusion criteria were: investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in a period of one year, being a cross-sectional or descriptive-analytical study, publication in Persian or English, availability of full-texts, assessment using standard methods (e.g. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) and considering the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders throughout the body (upper and lower extremities). The heterogeneity of the articles was evaluated using the I2 statistics and the data were analyzed in STATA software using meta-analysis and random-effects model. Results In this study, 45 papers on work-related musculoskeletal disorders were studied. The overall sample size of these studies was 9813, with a mean number of 218 for each study. Most of studies were descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. In all of them, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different parts of the body had been investigated. According to their results, the most prevalent workrelated musculoskeletal disorder in lower extremity was low back pain (0.49%) and in upper extremity, it was neck pain (39.3%). The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in other parts of the body were 39.32% in the neck, 36.9% in shoulders, 36.8% in the back, 34% in the wrist, 26.9% in legs, 20.5% in thighs and hips, and 16.2% in elbows.