Utilization of Domestic Waste for Production of Biogas: Effort in Providing Energy For Heating/Lightening in Rural Communites in Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Biogas: An Alternative Energy Source for Domestic and Small-Scale Industrial Use in Nigeria
American Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering
In Nigeria today, there is a lot of waste that is being generated on a daily basis. From Domestic wastes to kitchen wastes, poultry and livestock not excluded. Due to the current energy crisis and climate change, the country could benefit greatly from an alternative energy source which is eco-friendly, renewable, sustainable and efficient. This alternative energy source is called ‘’Biogas”. Biogas is formed by anaerobic digestion of organic materials. Biogas can be produced from kitchen wastes, cow dungs, poultry, pig faeces, etc. These wastes from the Bio-digester can later be treated as a by-product to give a nutrient rich organic fertilizer that can be used in farmlands and gardens. This paper outlines the benefits of organic waste and its potentials for domestic as well as industrial use when compared to other conventional fuels. The selected organic wastes that were thoroughly analyzed in this research work are; Human excreta, Pig excreta, sheep and goat excreta, abattoir waste...
The Implementation of Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste in Nigeria
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 2020
The deployment of clean energy systems has increased over the years as a result of the attendant effects of convectional fuel-based plants. A good set of goals, inclusive of clean and affordable energy initiative, have been set and implemented in many developing countries by the United Nations. However, the commitment to reduce greenhouse emission with clean energy technologies in Nigeria has faced several implementation challenges. This study presents a technical and economic feasibility analysis of an 8m 3 fixed-dome family biogas digester to replace the use of fuelwood in rural community households in selected states of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Based on the economic analysis from the results, the use of biogas-digester is more economically viable with a quick return on investment, low maintenance cost, and availability of raw materials at little or no cost. The results also revealed other benefits such as avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, reduced deforestation due to very low dependence on fuelwood, health benefits; eliminating hazardous particulate matter, fatigue, and health conditions for women and children as a result of long-distance travelled and hours spent fetching fuelwood. Additionally, the time wasted in collecting fuelwood can be reduced and maximized for other gainful and laudable activities such as learning. This paper recommends sustainable policies pertinent to the development and proliferation of biogas plants in rural communities of Nigeria. Following the 2013 economic rebasing, Nigeria happens to be the West African country with the largest economy. Considering the robustness of the country's economy, public and private investments in clean technologies like biogas system, will not only help us meet household demands but also consolidate the energy sector, thereby opening many opportunities. Therefore, the significance of this study is that many households in rural populace would be empowered to meet their energy demand and reduce dependence on fuelwood. There are existing economic, regulatory and institutional frameworks to sustain this transformation, and Nigeria will witness the change it sets to achieve.
A review on waste to biogas sources and its potential in Nigeria
2018
Waste to biogas initiative is one major solution to the exponential increase of solid wastes in both rural and urban cities in Nigeria. This study examines the potential of producing organic waste materials for biogas and its benefits to the immediate councils where these organic waste are found in abundance. The choice of organic materials was based on reports from characterization from published literature. Based on this review, it was observed that researchers have been proposing a lot of unique approaches to manage solid waste generation. Most of their emphasis is towards perfect waste collection and disposal, but these approaches are very expensive considering the tight budget that the country is faced with. Various studies on this subject have been compiled from 2001 to 2017 and their outcomes and discoveries have been highlighted to show the importance of converting these organic wastes to biogas. The production and use of renewable energy sources are justified not only by en...
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2016
The work reported in this paper investigated the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feed stock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.49% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of 305.075tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91m3 of biogas in Benin metropolis per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 24,076.91 families per month in Benin metro...
Generation of Biogas from Household in Maradi
Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications, 2015
Households is being an aerobically fermented to generate biogas using locally constructed digesters. By taking into account the experience on bio methane in the center of renewable energy of Sokoto in Nigeria, in China, in India and in several other countries of Asia, South America, We took the initiative to experiment the production at the first time of biogas and second the compost as alternative which can contribute to the solution of the problems respectively: energy for the cooking in the households and fertilization of grounds over-exploited. To this end we test bio methane of disputes substrata which we can find in the households of Niger; estimate quantitatively and qualitatively for the production of the bio gas; verify and argue the conditions of success and popularization of this technology in Africa generally. All these reasons bring us to be chosen by this simple and ecological technology then the use of uranium or coal which the republic of Niger has in big quantity.
Abstract Although biogas technology has been in South Africa as early as 1950, it’s spreading and adaptation have met limited realisation. So far it has not made any tangible impression on the national total energy contribution, and with the increasing concern on the environmental problems, many countries are pursuing efforts to adopt renewable energy sources as an alternative future energy resource, for example biogas. Like in many communities in the southern African countries, biogas technology has not been known and hence implemented to the expected levels in the Province of Limpopo of South Africa. Lack of enough demonstration systems and limited knowledge in the form of, for example, awareness-raising campaigns of the technology in the province have been among others, the main reasons for this extreme lack of information availability to communities about the technology and hence its unpopularity. The majority of rural people still depend on the use of traditional fuels like fire wood to meet their energy needs. The study will thus attempt to qualify and quantify the techno-socio economic potential of biogas technology in rural areas of Vhembe district to stimulate its sustainable acceleration, adoption and dissemination. The methods adopted in this study included questionnaire, reviewing existing literature, and field survey. The analysis methods included cost benefit analysis and biogas potential analysis. The findings from this study revealed a potential for biogas technology doing away with energy poverty which threatens social and financial development. The technology is easy and can be applied in any rural area. All the benefits, financial, social and environmental derived from biogas technology through generation of biogas (methane) and its utilization for heating, the slurry used as a fertiliser are properly addressed and explained. Energy from biomass may be environmental-friendly and renewable if appropriate technology is used and definitely will play an important role in satisfying society’s demands for energy. Key words: Sustainable Development, Rural Development, Renewable Energy, Energy Security, Food, Climate Change, Biogas Technology
Energy production from biogas: A conceptual review for use in Nigeria
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014
The authors reviewed the global methods of biogas production, enrichment, compression and storage for energy generation and highlighted its potential application in meeting energy needs in developing countries, with emphasis on Nigeria. Biogas is becoming an increasingly important source of clean energy for rural and urban areas in developing countries, as can be seen by the increased construction of biodigesters. Biogas digester technology has been domesticated in Nigeria and a number of pilot biogas plants have been built with majority (over 75%) of operational Nigerian manure digesters on piggery, cattle farms or abattoirs. A trend is now seen among academic institutions in Nigeria in the design and construction of biogas digesters, for instance, the Usman Danfodio University Biogas Plant, the Obafemi Awolowo University plant, the University of Ibadan prototype (with a patent), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Private sector involvement, which shows increasing interest and availability of biogas technology. Biogas is a renewable fuel that is 60-70% methane and can be used to power household appliances and generate electricity using appropriate technologies. These technologies include Biogas digesters which are being used to collect farm animal waste and convert it to biogas through anaerobic bacterial processes. The biogas generated is enriched through a process of scrubbing to obtain at least 95% purity. The current research focus of the authors towards improving biogas yield, enrichment, compression and storage for use in Nigeria is discussed. The current findings indicate that there are economic advantages for the utilisation of biogas in developing countries like Nigeria.
Conversion of Biogas from Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna State to Bio-methane
UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)
The uncontrolled hazardous wastes from industries mixing up with municipal wastes create potential risks to human health. A major environmental concern is gas released by decomposing garbage which increases the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases. This study was aimed to convert biogas to bio-methane from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The segregates of the wastes were immersed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 5days to reduce the lignocellulosic content and was further homogenized in a propeller mixer. Proximate composition, physical and chemical and properties were analyzed. The mean values for moisture, ash, pH, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, BOD and COD were 65.10%, 1.10%, 5.49, 230C (initial), 6560mg/L, 84.53%, 205mg/L and 540mg/L respectively. The lignocellulosic content of the waste were of 34%, 33%, 33% for hemicellulose, lignin and celluloses, and nutrient values of 32:1 for carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, 0.48% and 1.16% for t...
International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 2019
Energy generation remains one of the biggest challenges of developing nations like Nigeria. The World Bank estimated that~80 million (44.4%) out of 180 million Nigerians living in 8000 villages across the country lack access to electricity. Lack of access to electricity to stimulate small-and medium-scale enterprises in rural communities is believed to be a major factor responsible for rural-urban migration and the lingering emigration crises across the globe. In this study, three different wastes generated were combined in a locally fabricated digester and each singly loaded in respective digesters to generate energy in the form of biogas with an anticipation of redistribution for a community-based use. The biodegradability test of the substrates were studied ab initio by evaluating for ash and moisture contents, C/N ratio, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for maize chaff, watermelon and cassava peels. The results showed 2.85, 0.66 and 2.40% for ash content, 11.18, 93.22 and 70.26% for moisture content, 12.10, 15.10 and 19.10% for C/N ratio, 155.07, 131.96 and 113.79 ppm for BOD, and 240.00, 212.00 and 264.00 ppm for the substrates, respectively. From the results, maize chaff with the highest ash content has the least biodegradable (organic) matter, while watermelon, with the least ash content, has the highest biodegradable matter. The moisture content results for maize chaff and watermelon were below and above the optimum value of '60-80%' and this confirmed the low biogas volume produced when used alone. The ideal C/N ratio for anaerobic digestion is between '20:1 and 30:1'. A comparison of these sets of values from the study showed that the C/N ratios obtained from the research work are below the optimum values of the C/N ratios and could be responsible for the poor biogas yield for the disjoined substrates. The biogas volume of 2100 ml was produced at the end of the retention time for the combined substrates and, was higher compared with the 18, 25 and 29 ml produced for maize chaff, watermelon and cassava peels, (the disjoined) substrates, respectively. In this study, the COD value for each substrate is higher than the corresponding BOD values. Hence, co-digestion of unavoidable food wastes is economic and, a potentially viable option to generate alternative renewable energy for rural community-based use.