Infrared thermography : principles and applications. (original) (raw)
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Application of infrared thermography for animal health study
emergent Life Sciences Research
Infrared thermography (IRT) is an advanced, safe, non-invasive, and contactless technology used to determine the surface temperature of an object. Thermal cameras absorb the infrared radiation generated by the surface, then transform it into electrical signals, and provide a thermal image of the body's surface temperature distribution. In addition to human medicine, IRT has mostly been used in veterinary medicine for diagnostic purposes and to detect distress in an animal. However, IRT can be a very effective technique for livestock and poultry breeding research viz. thermoregulation, reproduction, animal welfare, etc. Before preclinical testing, it is crucial to intervene to reduce the stress levels in experimental animals for the betterment of the experimental outcome. Where the infrared thermography could help us to monitor and assess the health status or the stress level in addition to behavioral and physiological parameters before the pre-clinical testing might be beneficia...
Measuring the Body Surface Temperature of Animals Using a Thermographic Camera
Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology, 2013
in this experiment it was used contactless measurement method using a thermographic camera. Surface temperatures were recorded from three different parts of the animal,(the surface of the core body, the eyes and the udde)r. The aim of this study was to determine how much the temperature values that are obtained using the thermographic camera are accurate.. Its accuracy depends on many factors such as particularly good settings of the thermographic camera, a microclimate of environment, an emissivity of measured object, the character and colour of the coat or the degree of muscles. It was also monitor the correlation of the measured surface temperatures with a rectal temperature, which is an indicative of the internal body temperature.
Determining the emissivity of pig skin for accurate infrared thermography
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2014
Infrared thermography may be used for pig health screening and fever detection. In order to achieve the necessary accuracy for this purpose, it is necessary to know emissivity of the skin surface. Previous investigations attempting to find the emissivity of pig skin revealed numbers from 0.8 to 0.955. Such discrepancies can result in measured surface temperatures differing by several degrees Celsius. An unacceptable discrepancy if used for fever screening. In this study we determined the emissivity of three skin locations in ten sows when they were alive and dead: the ear base, udder and shoulder. The shoulder was investigated with and without (clipped) hairs. Emissivity for ear base, udder, and shoulder (hairy) was 0.978 ± 0.006, 0.975 ± 0.006 and 0.946 ± 0.006, respectively. Clipping the hairs of the shoulder tended to increase the emissivity (p = 0.07). Emissivity of the hairy shoulder was significantly lower than for the ear base (p < 0.001) and the udder (p < 0.005). Emissivity of the three skin areas with no blood perfusion (after euthanasia) tended to be lower (p = 0.06) compared with the emissivity of the skin areas when perfused with blood. The results of this study confirm that it is valid to use the human skin emissivity value of 0.98 for infrared skin measurements on sows. However, when studying hairy skin areas or skin with no blood perfusion, the emissivity value is lower.
Non-contact evaluation of pigs' body temperature under various infrared sources
The Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS), 2023
The purpose of this study is to verify the feasibility of using an infrared camera to measure the surface temperature and then estimate the core body temperature of pigs under various infrared sources. We first conducted experiments with pigbody temperature measurement by an infrared camera. Then we have tried to increase the accuracy rate in estimating the core body temperature of pigs by measuring the temperature of moving pixels. We concluded that the relation between the core body temperature and the estimated pig-body temperature was y = 1.0392x−0.6621 with no static infrared source in the field view of infrared camera. With the existence of heat lamps in the field of view of the infrared camera, the relation was y = 1.0248x − 0.0921. With both the root mean square error and the mean absolute error lower than 1.12 • C, the experimental simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective in fast and non-contact evaluation of pigbody temperature under various infrared sources. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
2012
The use of infrared thermography has been widely used to measure the surface temperature of animals and humans. Information on which the contribution of each body region in thermoregulation of quail at different temperatures is required. Thus, this study aimed to visualize the body thermoregulation in quails by infrared thermography. The study was conducted at Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Bem-Estar Animal, from Mossoró, Brazil, where were used 10 adult quail in a controlled environment. The air temperature (T A) was divided into three classes: Class 1 T A (<18°C), T A Class 2 (18°C-22°C) and T A Class 3 (>22°C). Were measured cloacal temperature (T C) and surface temperature (T S) in three regions (legs, face and feathers) using a thermographic camera (550 thermal images). Analysis of variance was performed by the method of least squares and comparison of means by Tukey-Kramer. The results showed significant effect of T A class for T S measured in different regions (P<0.0001) and T C (P=0.0017). The means T S (all regions) and T C differed (P <0.05), where the T A Class 1 to 3, the T S on the face showed a small variation (2.54°C) and T S in the area with feathers showed similar variation T A (r=0.92). The legs showed T S had the highest variation (T A Class 1=21.57°C and 3=29.31°C), showing the activation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in low and high temperatures, respectively. It is concluded that infrared thermography can be used as a noninvasive method of measuring of the thermal stress in quail, where the temperature of the legs acts as thermal window.