Spatio-temporal Analysis of the Enrolment Status of Scheduled Caste Population in Schools of Birbhum District, West Bengal (original) (raw)
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The Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 2021
Enrolment is one of the parameters to measure educational development. Higher the enrolment rate, higher the participation in the educational system and ultimately, it produced a skilful, thoughtful citizen who is beneficial for societal and economic development. However, the RTE Act (2009) guaranteed the free and compulsory education of the children aged 6-14. The spatio-temporal variation of the enrolment of Scheduled Caste (SC) shows a different picture at various educational levels in Birbhum district. To display the enrolment status; the percentage of SC enrolment to total, to show the share of females in the enrolment process, Gender Parity Index, and show the proportionate representation of SC enrolment, Social Equity Index has been taken into account. There is a substantial spatial variation of the enrolment of SC at different educational levels in this district. The percentage of SC enrolment to total is decent up to the secondary level but decreases in the higher secondary level. The Social Equity Index also supports this fact. The share of female enrolment has progressed much during the last five years, but it has restricted to the secondary level. In this paper, an attempt has been made to show the spatial variation of SC enrolment at various educational levels.
SPATIAL AND SOCIAL DISPARITIES IN EDUCATIONAL STATUS: A CASE OF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT IN ODISHA, INDIA
Being socio-economically backward and culturally rich Orissa (currently known as ‘Odisha’) is one of the important states in Eastern India. It occupies a special position in the tribal map of India. Out of 30 districts 9 are considered as tribal district (according to Location Quotient value) and of the total population (41,947,358) a significant share (22.1%) goes to tribal people (8,145,081). According to 2011 Census the literacy rate of the state is 73.45% which is almost same as of literacy rate of India (74.04%). Though previous researches show that in case of education there are significant disparities in the state among the districts. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the spatial disparity in education at block levels in terms of caste and gender in Mayurbhanj District of Orissa, as this district has the second highest proportion of STs (56.6 per cent) and highest concentration of schedule tribe population (Location Quotient value is 2.56). The overall objective of this study is to obtain a better understanding of disparities and variations in educational status in Mayurbhanj, Orissa. This study includes: (1) an analysis of present educational status at block level; (2) an intra-regional educational disparities; (3) identification of probable factors responsible for such variations, and (4) remedial measures required to overcome the problems of educational development. To measure the disparities we have used (i) Disparity index in literacy with the help of Sophers’ Disparity Index, (ii) Co-efficient of Equality in Education, (iii) Gender Parity Index in Enrolment and (iv) Teacher- Student ratio. Maps have been prepared on the above-mentioned indicators based on secondary data using Arc-GIS software v.9.3. It is clear from the analysis that the educational conditions in the district has improved remarkably over the years but educational disparities in terms of caste and gender continue to be a major problem mostly in tribal and backward areas. Key words: Schedule Tribe, Location Quotient, Educational disparity, Gender disparity, Remedial measures.
Disparity in Education among the Scheduled Caste Population in West Bengal, 2011
Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 2019
Scheduled Caste (SC) population of India undergoes social and historical discrimination. After the seven decades of independence, low literacy rates still reflect the impact of the discrimination. By the efforts of Dr. BhimraoAmbedkar, who fought for the rights of the 'Depressed Classes', the Scheduled Population have been benefited by the “Reservation Policy”. But throughout the state of India there is some group of SC community who are still ahead of the rest of the community. In West Bengal Sunri, Namasudra, Dhoba, Poundra are the top in terms of educational achievement. In spite of the higher population share to total SCs population of the state,Bagdi, Bauri, Dom, Mal are still lagging behind. In this paper an attempt has been made to find out the privileged community among the 60 SCs community ofWest Bengal. The main objective of this paper is to compare the major SC community ofWest Bengal in terms of various aspects of literacy.
Levels of Education among General and Scheduled Caste Population- A Comparative Analysis.pdf
The present study aims to analyse the spatial patterns of literacy rate of general population and scheduled caste population, variations in the level of education and relationship of literacy rate of general population and scheduled caste population (dependent variables) with the selected variables of education (independent variables) among the districts of the state of West Bengal. The entire research work is based on secondary sources of data, collected from Census of India publications , New Delhi and Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, West Bengal state Govt. publications (2002-03), Kolkata. The boundary of the district has been taken as the smallest unit of the study. The spatial analysis reveals the facts that the majority of the districts of the state have medium and high level of literacy rate of general population and these districts are concentrated in the whole southern part and northern tip of the state of West Bengal, and more or less same pattern is followed by literacy rate of scheduled caste population, while, levels of education in the state are characterised by gradual increase from north-central part of the state towards north and towards the south, and from western to eastern directions, but the cap districts of the state, namely, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Behar and Dakshin Dinajpur, a little distort this pattern of educational levels.
Disparity in Education among Scheduled Caste Population in West Bengal
The Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 2019
The scheduled Caste (SC) population of India undergoes social and historical discrimination. After the seven decades of independence, low literacy rates still reflect the impact of the discrimination. Through the efforts of Dr. BhimraoAmbedkar, who fought for the rights of the 'Depressed Classes, the Scheduled Population has benefited from the "Reservation Policy". But throughout the state of India, there is some group of SC community who are still ahead of the rest of the community. In West Bengal Sunri, Namasudra, Dhoba, and Poundra are the top in terms of educational achievement. In spite of the higher population share to the total SCs population of the state, Bagdi, Bauri, Dom, and Mal are still lagging behind. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the privileged community among the 60 SCs community of West Bengal. The main objective of this paper is to compare the major SC community of West Bengal in terms of various aspects of literacy.
Education plays multifarious instrumental roles in the realisation of certain ends both at individual and societal level. A large number of research works carried out in and outside India have identified and established a whole range of externalities produced by education such as raising human capital beyond individual level. Despite debates on economic returns to education, most scholars agreed about the positive impact of education upon economic return. The present study has mainly focused on a comparative analysis in attainment of education among three different social groups that is, scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST) and other non-scheduled castes at school level. This is a micro-level empirical study focusing on one of the least developed Community Development Block (CDB) of Bankura district in West Bengal. The analysis of the study reveals that disadvantaged social groups—SCs and STs are the marginalised depressed classes experiencing high level of educational deprivation compared to that of other communities. One has to note that affiliation to a particular caste can no longer be tagged as a sole determinant of relative backwardness. So what is called for is a careful stratification of the community on the basis of socioeconomic attributes so as to diagnose the problem of the community at hand properly. The study uses logistic regression as an analytical tool to probe net effects of the predictor variables including castes on enrolment and discontinuation rates for the study area as a whole as well as for boys and girls separately. It is important to note that when other variables are controlled, the net effect of caste factor becomes statistically inconsequential either on enrolment or on discontinuation or dropouts. Rather, it is the combination of several socioeconomic factors that are taken together which pulls down the enrolment of ST and SC children visa -vis those belonging to others non-scheduled castes.
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Autumn Issue, 10 (2) 2019 pp. 73 - 79, 2019
Education among the scheduled caste (SC) community varies from one sub-caste to another across India primarily due to their distinct social and cultural identity, values and practice of untouchability among themselves. In the state of West Bengal, the scheduled caste communities apart from literacy recorded a substantial variation in the attainment of educational level. Thus, the present study examines the nature and pattern of educational attainment of the selected 8 SC communities in the 5 selected villages of Dhupguri CD Block of Jalpaiguri district also highlight the types of streams and courses taken up by them for higher education. Intensive field survey has been done with household enumeration, personal interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The study shows that there has been a considerable variation in both educational attainment and choice of the streams in higher education within the various sub-castes of the SC population. The Dhobas, Namasudras, and Jalia Kaibarttas, are better placed in this regard than the Lohars, JhaloMalos, Kamis and Rajbanshis in the study area. The latter group usually takes up general degree courses in higher education which is less expensive and less competitive. Enrolment in the market or job-friendly streams and courses is comparatively high among the Dhobas, Jalia Kaibarttas, and Chamars on account of their relatively higher income and awareness.
Education plays multifarious instrumental roles in the realisation of certain ends both at individual and societal level. A large number of research works carried out in and outside India have identified and established a whole range of externalities produced by education such as raising human capital beyond individual level. Despite debates on economic returns to education, most scholars agreed about the positive impact of education upon economic return. The present study has mainly focused on a comparative analysis in attainment of education among three different social groups that is, scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST) and other non-scheduled castes at school level. This is a micro-level empirical study focusing on one of the least developed Community Development Block (CDB) of Bankura district in West Bengal. The analysis of the study reveals that disadvantaged social groups—SCs and STs are the marginalised depressed classes experiencing high level of educational deprivation compared to that of other communities. One has to note that affiliation to a particular caste can no longer be tagged as a sole determinant of relative backwardness. So what is called for is a careful stratification of the community on the basis of socio-economic attributes so as to diagnose the problem of the community at hand properly. The study uses logistic regression as an analytical tool to probe net effects of the predictor variables including castes on enrolment and discontinuation rates for the study area as a whole as well as for boys and girls separately. It is important to note that when other variables are controlled, the net effect of caste factor becomes statistically inconsequential either on enrolment or on discontinuation or dropouts. Rather, it is the combination of several socio-economic factors that are taken together which pulls down the enrolment of ST and SC children vis-a-vis those belonging to others non-scheduled castes. Keywords: Education, Social Groups, Logistic Regression, Bankura, West Bengal, India
2018
Uttar Pradesh is one of the educationally most backward states of India. One of the characteristic of educational achievement of Uttar Pradesh is that there exist large scale disparities in literacy between different regions and social and religious groups. For the inclusive development of the country it is necessary that all section of the society must have access to education. The present study aims to analyze the literacy and educational status of scheduled caste and Muslims in Uttar Pradesh. For this purpose census data for the three time period (1961, 2001 and 2011) has been used. In order to gauge the progress of education, district-wise achievement at the primary and matriculation and above levels of education have been analyzed. The state was most backward in terms of attainment of education at the matriculation and above level (1.59 percent in 1961 and 20.76 percent in 2001. The same trend has been observed in 2011 also though there is some improvement). Allahabad division ...
2017
Literacy is one of the vital qualitative factors for the improvement of a person as well as socioeconomic development of human society. Literacy helps to acquire a higher social status through the process of social mobility. Being one of the most important key factors of socio-economic change, study of literacy pattern and its differential on gender of an area is very valuable. In India, a person aged 7 and above who can both read and write with proper understanding in any language has been considered as literate by the Indian Census. This paper attempt to show the spatio-temporal variation and gender disparity in literacy among scheduled caste population of rural and urban areas in Koch Bihar District of West Bengal. Scheduled castes have been identified as the backward groups of Indian society. In Koch Bihar district, there are 53% scheduled caste population to total population as per Indian Census, 2011. Literacy rate of total population is 75.49% which is slight less than state ...