Epidemiology of thermotolerant Campylobacter infection in poultry in Nsukka agricultural zone, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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A study was conducted to establish the epidemiology of Campylobacter species in the four agricultural zones of Sokoto. A total of 798 (506 cloacal and 292 fecal) swabs from poultry and humans respectively were screened and analyzed using standard culture isolation technique and biochemical characterization. A total of 152 (30%) and 160 (55%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. in poultry and humans respectively. The prevalence rates of 53, 28, and 18% were for Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry while 39, 37 and 24% were for C. coli, C. lari and C. jejuni in humans, respectively. The prevalence rate of 30% was recorded in both chicken and guinea fowl, while 14, 56 and 50% were found in pigeon, ducks and turkey, respectively. The prevalence rates were slightly higher in males than females in both poultry and humans. There was no significant statistical association (P>0.05) between prevalence rate and species. The prevalence in agricultural zones revealed 42, 39, 28 and 13% in Gwadabawa, Isah, Sokoto and Tambuwal, respectively in poultry, while in humans, 65, 25, 50 and 70% were recorded in the same order. There was no significant statistical association (P>0.05) between prevalence rate and sex, but the association between prevalence and zones were statistically significant (P<0.05) in both poultry and humans. Poultry in the state have been shown to harbor Campylobacter spp. and may serve as reservoir of infection for humans. Humans independent of age and sex, were infected with Campylobacter spp.. The transportation of poultry together with humans in the same truck while moving birds from different locations to live bird markets should be discouraged. Adequate environmental sanitation and strict hygiene measures should be implemented in the poultry slaughter slabs and processing units in the state.
International Journal of Microbiology
Thermophilic Campylobacter species are a leading cause of human gastroenteritis throughout the world and have been implicated in reproductive disorders (abortion), mastitis, enteritis, and/or diarrhoea in livestock. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kajiado County to determine prevalence, seasonality, and molecular detection of thermophilic Campylobacter species (with emphasis on C. jejuni, C. coli, and other thermophilic Campylobacter species) in chicken, cattle, and respective pooled drinking water. A total of 457 samples comprising 265 cattle rectal swabs, 142 chicken cloacal swabs, and 50 trough water samples were collected from 55 randomly selected smallholder farms. Individual samples were subjected to standard techniques for isolation and biochemical tests, followed by singleplex polymerase chain reaction (sPCR) assays for identification and confirmation of genus and species. Overall, thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence was 35.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = ...
Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and viability of Campylobacter species isolates from different species of poultry and humans in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in the live birds markets, humans on admission and at outpatient clinics in the randomly selected hospitals in Sokoto State. Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter species were performed using standard culture isolation techniques and biochemical characterization. A total of 798 (506 cloacal and 292 fecal) swabs from poultry and humans, respectively, were collected and analyzed. The viability of 307 isolates stored in 15% glycerol and 85% tryptone broth at −20°C was determined after 7-13 months. Results: A total of 312 (39%) were positive for Campylobacter species which comprises 119 (30%), 20 (30%), 3 (14%), 9 (56%), 1 (50%), and 160 (55%) in chicken, guinea fowls, pigeons, ducks, turkey, and humans, respectively. The total of 38 (24%), 63 (39%), and 59 (37%) humans and 29 (19%), 79 (52%), and 44 (29%) poultry isolates were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter Coli, and Campylobacter Lari, respectively. A total of 261 (85%) of the stored isolates were still viable on re-isolation with the viability rates of 41 (95%), 67 (85%), and 17 (59%) at 7, 9, and 13 months of storage, respectively. There was a negative correlation between months of storage and viability rates. However, there was no significant statistical association (p>0.05) between prevalence rate and species of poultry. Conclusion: Campylobacter species have been detected with varying degree of prevalence in both poultry and humans and their ability to survive freezing at −20°C (95%) for up to 7 months has been revealed in the study. This is not only a concern to food and livestock industries but also a concern to the public health at large, especially, in view of the study area being considered one of the largest livestock producers in Nigeria. Campylobacteriosis is known to be associated with the cost of gastroenteritis management, antimicrobial resistance, food contamination, and complications such as a paralytic condition called Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Thermophilic Campylobacter Spp. In Poultry Meat Production
Archives of Veterinary Medicine
Th ermophilic Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of zoonotic enteric disease in Europe and USA. In Serbia, it has an upward trend in human population. Th e disease is usually indirectly transmitted to humans through the consumption of food contaminated by the faeces of infected animals. Th e aim of this paper was to analyze data on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat production chain and the risk for the development of the disease in humans. Th e Campylobacter jejuni/coli was identifi ed at farm level in 73.3% of poultry, 66.6% calves and 58.3% pig samples of already ill or suspected cases. Clinical manifestation of the disease in birds can be expected if an additional immunosuppressive factor is present. Artifi cial infection of healthy chickens with 6.77 log cfu C. jejuni per chicken on day 21st of life leads to 5.26 log cfu/g faeces aft er only fi ve days with a tendency to decrease during the next 18 days. Although chilling and freezing may signifi cantly ...
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B-infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, 2006
Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter infections in humans, chickens and crows was determined in a cross-sectional study that was carried out in urban and rural areas of Morogoro region, Tanzania during the period of January 2003 to December 2004. A total of 632 human stool samples, 536 cloacal swabs from local and broiler chickens and 22 intestinal contents from crows were screened for presence of thermophilic campylobacters using Skirrow's protocol. Representative Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human and chicken samples were also analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a definitive identification method. The overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 9.3% (95% CI: 7.2–11.9), 69.8% (95% CI: 65.7–73.6) and 72.7% (95% CI: 49.8–89.3) in humans, chickens and crows respectively. In humans, 59 thermophilic campylobacters were isolated of which 96.6% were C. jejuni and 3.4%Campylobacter coli. There was a significantly (P < 0.001) higher prevalence in young individuals (16%) than in adults (7%). Of 341 isolates from chickens, 91.2% were C. jejuni and 8.8% were C. coli. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher infection rate was observed in rural local chicken (76%) than in broilers (60%). In crows, of 16 isolates, 93.8% were C. jejuni and 6.2% were C. coli. Definitive identification of C. jejuni by PCR revealed positive results in 74.1% of 243 analysed isolates. Findings in this study indicate high prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in humans, chickens and crows in Morogoro, and a higher infection rate of C. jejuni than that of C. coli in different animal species. Age of humans and location of chickens were identified as risk factors for thermophilic Campylobacter infections. Positive isolates to biochemical tests that indicated negative results on PCR indicates the additional value of PCR for definitive diagnosis of C. jejuni.
Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Nigerian Indigenous Chicken in Sokoto State Northwestern Nigeria
The Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2009
The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Nigerian indigenous chickens and to characterize the isolated strains using phenotypic methods and biotyping. Of the 866 samples collected 672(77.6%) were campylobacter positive. A total of 828 strains of Campylobacter spp were isolated which were identified using biochemical methods. The species identified from the study were C. jejuni 556(67.2%); C. coli 179(21.6%); C. lari 62(7.5%) and C. upsaliensis 31(3.7%). The biotyping of isolates yielded C. jejuni (biotype I, 355(63.9%); biotype II, 139(25.0%); biotype III, 54(9.7%) and 8(1.4%) for biotype IV); C. coli (biotype I, 102(57.0%) and biotype II, 77(43.0 %)) and C. lari (biotype I, 37 (59.7%) and biotype II, 25(40.3%)). The study has demonstrated the carriage of Campylobacter in Nigerian indigenous chicken. The role of the Nigeria indigenous chicken in the transmission of the campylobacter is unknown, but the frequency with which birds are associated with these organisms suggests that they may have an important role in their dissemination.
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal
Campylobacter is a public cause of globally identified human gastrointestinal disease. Nonetheless, in Iraq many sides of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and its impact on public health remain poorly understood. Hence, this study was taken to offer reference information on the prevalence rate, sensitivity to antibiotics and biotyping of Campylobacter in poultry products sold in the Wasit markets. A total of 85 samples were collected including chicken (n = 45) and turkey (n =40) meat were surveyed for isolation and identification. Thermotolerant Campylobacter was detected in 54 samples by which Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was recognized as a main species accounting for 37(68.5%),while Campylobacter coli (C. coli) had 17 (31.5%) of the positive samples. Highest resistance was perceived to oxacillin and tetracycline as (94.4% and 85.2%), respectively. While lowest rate of resistance, 29.6% was detected against gentamicin. Campylobacter coli isolates showed higher resistance...
International Journal of Veterinary Science, 2023
Integrated farms are smallholder farms that rear a mixture of different food animals in close proximity. Subsequently, a survey was carried out to establish two aspects: (1) occurrence rate of thermophilic Campylobacter in cattle in 55 integrated small-scale farms within Kajiado County; a total of 265 cattle rectal swabs were randomly collected for bacterial isolation, and (2) factors associated with Campylobacter occurrence; these included administration of pre-tested questionnaires, to collect data on respective farm characteristics and management practices, and isolation of Campylobacter from respective water and chicken cloacal swabs (as possible sources of infection). The collected rectal/cloacal swabs and water samples were specifically processed for Campylobacter isolation, followed by confirmation using a singleplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, while the questionnaire data was analyzed using logistic regression models. Campylobacters in cattle were detected in 72.7% (95% confidence interval (95%CI) =60.9-84.5) of the surveyed farms. The farm/herd level Campylobacter positivity ranged from 12.5% to 100%; 27.3% (95%CI=15.5-39.1) of the surveyed farms were Campylobacter negative. Of the Campylobacter positive farms, the mean prevalence was 48.14%, with a median of 50%. Farm stocking dairy breeds [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=12.7, 95%CI: 3.2-60], presence of companion animals in farms that did not co-graze cattle with other ruminants (AOR=10, 95%CI=1.2-95.9), Campylobacter positivity in chicken (AOR=5.8, 95%CI=2.2-16.2), presence of donkey (AOR=5.0, 95%CI=1.1-27.4), presence of pigs (AOR=4.9, 95%CI=1.2-23.5), and minimal hygiene of the housing unit (AOR=3.3, 95%CI=0.9-12.6) were associated with Campylobacter carriage in cattle. Keeping chicken and other birds irrespective of their Campylobacter status appeared to have a "protective" effect (AOR=0.2, 95%CI=0.03-0.6), against Campylobacter positivity in cattle. This suggests a complex web of transmission pathways of campylobacters in cattle and the environment. Interventions targeting these factors coupled with stringent biosecurity and sanitary measures are recommended so as to minimize the risk of Campylobacter transmission and/or occurrence in cattle environment.
Article, 2019
Campylobacter is a public cause of globally identified human gastrointestinal disease. Nonetheless, in Iraq many sides of the epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis and its impact on public health remain poorly understood. Hence, this study was taken to offer reference information on the prevalence rate, sensitivity to antibiotics and biotyping of Campylobacter in poultry products sold in the Wasit markets. A total of 85 samples were collected including chicken (n = 45) and turkey (n =40) meat were surveyed for isolation and identification. Thermotolerant Campylobacter was detected in 54 samples by which Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was recognized as a main species accounting for 37(68.5%),while Campylobacter coli (C.coli) had 17 (31.5%) of the positive samples. Highest resistance was perceived to oxacillin and tetracycline as (94.4% and 85.2%), respectively. While lowest rate of resistance, 29.6% was detected against gentamicin. Campylobacter coli isolates showed higher resistance rate than C. jejuni isolates towards the selected antibiotics. In addition, multiple drug resistance (MDR) to at least three antibiotics was detected in the vast majority (90.7%) of the experienced isolates. Forty-three (79.6%) of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR-index) 0.4 and above. Results of biotyping showed that biotype I was the predominant biotype in the two species as 70.2 and 76.5 proportions in C. jejuni and C.coli, respectively. Our results proposed that the presence of Campylobacter in poultry with greater resistance to erythromycin and/ or ciprofloxacin triggers the public health alarm and accentuates the education of consumers on the quality and safety of such foods.