Different training programs for improving muscular performance in healthy inactive elderly (original) (raw)
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Resistance training effects on muscular strength of elderly are related to intensity and gender
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2005
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a high intensity (HI) versus a moderate (MI) or low-intensity (LI) training program would be more effective in improving the isokinetic knee extension muscular performance in heal|hy inaciive men and women. Sixty-four participants, men and women, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control group (C), LI (50% of 1RM), the MI group (70% of 1RM) and the HI (90% of 1RM). Participants exercised on three resistance exercise machines: leg extension, leg curls and leg press. The isokinetic testing method (concentric mode) applied prior to and at the end of the training period (16 weeks, three 3 times per week) to assess the knee muscular performance. MANOVA repeated measures revealed that the HI group demonstrated the most strength gains following a speed specificity pattern (most considerable improvement occurred at or near slow speeds from 7.3% to 11.2% for male and from 2.3% to 15.2% ior Iemale}. In addition, males demonstrated a greater improvement of knee extension power output than females. In conclusion, HI strength training is proposed for elderly men and women as the most effective protocol. Furthermore only at low-velocity testing, women of the HI showed a greater change than men (p<0.05). Regarding strength increase in relation to various testing velocities, a greater increase was found in HI at low velocities, with the other training groups exhibiting almost similar strength increase at all tested speeds.
The effect of three different training programs in elderly women's isokinetic strength
Motricidade, 2020
This study aimed was to assess the effects of three different training protocols in quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic muscle strength of independent elderly women. Eighty women were recruited for this study and divided into four groups of twenty subjects: the control group, the multi-component group, the muscle power group, and the muscular resistance strength group. The isokinetic strength was measured in both lower limbs with a dynamometer at 60°/s and 180o/s. The multivariate analysis (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni test assessed the group and time effect. Significant and positive effects were observed in the time and group interaction in the power group at 180°/s and 60°/s knee flexion in the dominant (p = 0.004, respectively) and non-dominant (p = 0.046 and p = 0.041, respectively) lower limbs. The Control group had significant and negative effect on the time x group interaction at 180°/s and 60°/s on the extension of the dominant knee (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001, respectively) and ...
Strength and Muscle Mass Changes in Elderly Men following Maximal Isokinetic Training
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a maximal isokinetic training program on strength and muscle mass in a group of untrained men 73 ± 7.3 (range 68-82) years of age. Testing and training were conducted on an jsokinetic dynamometer. Training consisted of one set of six maximal knee flexion and extension movements at 60 deg'S-l performed three times per week for 12 weeks. The subjects trained the right leg only, the left leg serving as a within-subject controL Trained leg peak torque increased by 18.1 % for knee extension (from 107.2 ± 42.9 to 126.6 ± 44.6 Nm;p < 0.05) and by 18.2% for knee flexion (from 85.1 ± 21.1 to 100.4 ± 25.5 Nm; p < 0.05). Urinary creatinine levels increased by 24.3(}/{} (NS). We conclude that maximal isokinetic training at 60 deg-s-' increases strength and a urinary index of muscle mass in a group of aged untrained men.
Isokinetic assessment of knee flexor/extensor muscular strength in elderly women
Revista do Hospital das Clínicas, 2002
OBJECTIVE: To assess knee flexor-extensor muscular strength in elderly women with no previous history of musculoskeletal disorders on the lower limbs using an isokinetic dynamometer, in order to obtain data that could be used as a comparative parameter in the evaluation of elderly women with knee disorders, thus facilitating a better rehabilitation of these patients. METHODS: Twenty-six volunteers aged 75 to 83 years were studied using a Cybex® 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. The chosen angular velocity was 60 º/s, and concentric exercise was used for either flexion or extension. The studied parameters were: peak torque, angle of peak torque, and flexor-extensor torque rate. RESULTS: There were no differences between dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) knee peak torque values. This was true for both flexor (D = 42.46 ± 9.09 Nm / ND = 40.65 ± 9.38 Nm) and extensor (D = 76.92 ± 13.97 Nm / ND = 77.65 ± 15.21 Nm) movements. The descriptive statistical analysis of the values obtained for the ...
The Effects Of Rest Interval On Quadriceps Torque During An Isokinetic Testing Protocol In Elderly
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005
The purpose of this study was to compare three different intervals for a between sets rest period during a common isokinetic knee extension strength-testing protocol of twenty older Brazilian men (66.30 ± 3.92 yrs). The volunteers underwent unilateral knee extension (Biodex System 3) testing to determine their individual isokinetic peak torque at 60, 90, and 120°·s -1 . The contraction speeds and the rest periods between sets (30, 60 and 90 s) were randomly performed in three different days with a minimum rest period of 48 hours. Significant differences between and within sets were analyzed using a One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Although, at angular velocity of 60°·s -1 produced a higher peak torque, there were no significant differences in peak torque among any of the rest periods. Likewise, there were no significant differences between mean peak torque among all resting periods (30, 60 and 90s) at angular velocities of 90 and 120°·s -1 . The results showed that during a common isokinetic strength testing protocol a between set rest period of at least 30 s is sufficient for recovery before the next test set in older men.
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 2003
Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the improvements of muscle strength and power induced by a 16-week resistive programme in a population of 16 older men aged 65-81 years. Methods: Training was performed three times per week at an intensity of 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM) and consisted of both calf raise and leg press exercises. Before-, during-and after-training, maximum isometric and isokinetic torques, maximum power, 1RM, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and electromyographic activity (EMG) of the plantar flexors (PF) and knee extensors (KE) were examined. Results: For the KE and PF, respectively, training resulted in a 29.9 AE 4.4% (mean AE SE) and 21.6 AE 5.4% increase in 1RM (P < 0.001-0.01), a 19.4 AE 4.3 and 12.4 AE 4.7% (P < 0.001-0.05) increase in maximum isometric torque, and a 24.1 AE 6.3 and 33.1 AE 10.9% (P < 0.05) increase in maximum muscle power, calculated from torque-angular velocity curves. The large increase in torque and power was partly accounted by a significant increase in the CSA of the PF (5.0 AE 0.7%) and KE (7.4 AE 0.7%), while no significant changes in integrated EMG activity of vastus lateralis and soleus muscles, and in extrapolated maximum shortening velocity were found. After training, a significant increase in torque/CSA (10.3 AE 4%, P < 0.05) was found for the KE but not for the PF. Conclusion: Hence, hypertrophy cannot alone justify the increase in torque, and other factors, such as an increase in individual fibre-specific tension (in the case of KE), a decrease in antagonist muscles' coactivation, an improved co-ordination and an increased neural drive of the other heads of quadriceps may have contributed to the increments in strength. The significant increase in muscle power seems particularly noteworthy with respect to daily activities involving the displacement of the body over time, namely, the generation of muscle power.
AGE, 2012
Strength training seems to be an interesting approach to counteract decreases that affect knee extensor strength, muscle mass and muscle quality (force per unit of muscle mass) associated with ageing. However, there is no consensus regarding the changes in muscle mass and their contribution to strength during periods of training and detraining in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed at verifying the behaviour of knee extensor muscle strength, muscle volume and muscle quality in elderly women in response to a 12-week strength training programme followed by a similar period of detraining. Statistical analysis showed no effect of time on muscle quality. However, strength and muscle volume increased from baseline to post-training (33 and 26 %, respectively). After detraining, the knee extensor strength remained 12 % superior to the baseline values, while the gains in muscle mass were almost completely lost. In conclusion, strength gains and losses due to strength training and detraining, respectively, could not be exclusively associated with muscle mass increases. Training-induced strength gains were partially maintained after 3 months of detraining in elderly subjects.
Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 2014
were peak torque, peak torque normalized by body weight, total work normalized by body mass, total work, average power and agonist/antagonist ratio. Descriptive analysis was used to characterize the sample. For comparison between age groups was used Student's t-test with α = 0.05. Results: The elderly women with older age showed a statistically significant decrease in most of the variables (p < 0.05) except for the agonist and antagonist knee (p = 0.398). Conclusions: The isokinetic was a sensitive tool to characterize the modifications caused by aging on muscle function. Elderly with results below the lower limits of the confidence intervals for all variables certainly has a decreased strength for the age group evaluated and must be addressed therapeutically. The results can be used as a benchmark in clinical practice and future research.
Effects of different isokinetic knee extension warm-up protocols on muscle performance
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
Aim: The optimal warm-up protocol for isokinetic strength performance assessment remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different warm-up routines on strength production in young adults. Methods: Fifteen healthy young men (24.8±3.5 years) were exposed to five different isokinetic warm-up protocols. Isokinetic strength was assessed after each protocol at 60°.s-1. The warm-up protocols were: (1) submaximal, 10 submaximal consecutive repetitions (50% of maximum effort) at 60°.s-1; (2) intermittent, one set of 10 maximal intermittent contractions (30 s between contractions) at 60°.s-1; (3) 180, 10 maximal consecutive repetitions at 180°.s-1; (4) 300, 10 maximal consecutive repetitions at 300°.s-1 and (5) control session (no warm-up). Results: Peak torque was greater (P<0.05) after the intermittent (295.3±53.2 N.m) when compared to 300 (267.5±47.3 N.m) and 180 (275.2±48.6 N.m) warm-up protocols. Also, peak torque was higher (P<0.05) in t...