Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of acorn oil (original) (raw)
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Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Quercus infectoria Oil
This current study focuses on the modelling and optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus infectoria galls oil. In this case, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied for the modelling and prediction of extraction yield of galls oil. A 17-run Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to statistically optimize the process parameters of SC-CO2 extraction of Quercus infectoria galls at a condition as follows: pressure (5000, 6000, 7000 Psi), temperature (40, 50, 60°C) and extraction time (30, 45, 60 min). The maximum yield of the extracted oil is1.12 % and the optimum conditions are at an extraction pressure of 5574 Psi; extraction temperature of 75°C and extraction time of 54 min. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental results agree with the predicted values obtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA). This indicates a successful response surface methodology and highly satisfactory goodness of fit of the model used. The analysis of experimental design for process optimization results demonstrates that temperature and extraction time are the main parameters that influence the oil extraction of Quercus infectoria.
Mass transfer modeling of apricot kernel oil extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2005
Effects of process parameters on extraction of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel oil with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) were investigated. The parameters included particle size (mean particle diameter < 0.425-1.5 mm), solvent flow rate (1-5 g/min), pressure (300-600 bar), temperature (40-70 • C) and co-solvent concentration (up to 3.0 wt.% ethanol). The model of broken and intact cells represented the apricot kernel oil extraction well. Grinding was necessary to release the oil from intact oil cells of kernel structure. About 99% apricot kernel oil recovery was possible if particle diameter decreased below 0.425 mm. Two extraction periods were distinguished. The released oil on the surface of particles was extracted in the fast extraction period while the unreleased oil in the intact cells was extracted in the slow extraction period. The amount oil recovered in the slow extraction period was negligible compared to the amount recovered in the fast extraction period. Extraction rate in the fast extraction period increased with increase in solvent flow rate, pressure, temperature, and ethanol addition. Mass transfer coefficients in the fluid phase and in the solid phase changed between 0.7 and 3.7 min −1 , and between 0.00009 and 0.0005 min −1 , respectively. Mass transfer coefficient in the fluid phase increased with decrease in particle size and pressure, and with increase in solvent flow rate, temperature and ethanol concentration.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2008
Supercritical CO 2 extraction of macadamia nut oil was carried out in a flow apparatus at the following operational conditions: pressures of 10, 15 and 18 MPa; and temperatures of 313 and 353K; a volumetric flow of 1.64 x 10 -7 m 3 .s -1 was used for one hour in each experiment. The efficiency of the extraction process showed to be low. The behaviors of the extraction curves were very similar at all temperatures and the best efficiency value was obtained at 10 MPa. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated the ability of supercritical CO 2 to remove some of the main components of the oil: myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids, and that higher pressures favoured the removal of lighter components. The extraction process was represented by a simple model based on Langmuir Isotherm, showing a good data fitting.
Characterization and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Walnut Oil
Journal of the American …, 2002
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil was extracted with compressed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the temperature range of 308 to 321 K and in the pressure range of 18 to 23.4 MPa. The influence of particle size was also studied at a superficial velocity of 0.068 cm/s, within a tubular extractor of 0.2 L capacity (cross-sectional area of 16.4 cm 2 ). FFA, sterol, TAG, and tocopherol compositions were not different from those of oil obtained with n-hexane. The main FA was linoleic acid (56.5%), followed by oleic acid (21.2%) and linolenic acid (13.2%). The main TAG was LLL (linoleic, linoleic, linoleic) (24.4%), followed by OLL (oleic, linoleic, linoleic) (19.6%) and LLLn (linoleic, linoleic, linolenic) (18.4%). The main component of sterols was β-sitosterol (85.16%), followed by campesterol (5.06%). The amount of cholesterol was low (0.31 and 0.16% for oils extracted by n-hexane and supercritical fluid extraction, respectively. The CO 2 -extracted oil presented a larger amount of tocopherols (405.7 µg/g oil) when compared with 303.2 µg/g oil obtained with n-hexane. Oxidative stability determined by PV and the Rancimat method revealed that walnut oil was readily oxidized. Oil extracted by supercritical CO 2 was clearer than that extracted by n-hexane, showing some refining. A central composite, nonfactorial design was used to optimize the extraction conditions using the software Statistica, Version 5. The best results were found at 22 MPa, 308 K, and particle diameter (Dp) = 0.1 mm.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oils:: Modeling and simulation
Chemical engineering science, 1998
In this study, the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oils from plants which contain secretory ducts as essential oil reservoirs was investigated and modelled. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oils from Asteraceae family species, marigold and chamomile, indicated that particle size had no significant influence on the extraction rate in two outermost cases: fine milled plant material and plant material cut to particle length of 5 mm. This confirmed previously reported phenomenon that in some cases particle size had no influence on the rate of supercritical extraction process. In order to explain this behavior, the mathematical model which took into consideration the phenomena occurring on the secretory duct scale, was developed and applied to simulate experimental data of marigold and chamomile supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Proposed model was also applied to the literature experimental data of fennel fruit supercritical fluid extraction where the same phenomenon had been observed. To obtain information regarding secretory structure, scanning electron microscopy investigation of the plant material was performed. Very good agreement of the model results and experimental data in the case of different plant species, extraction conditions and particle sizes, confirmed the basic hypothesis of the model.
Extraction of sunflower oil with supercritical CO2: Experiments and modeling
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2006
Extraction of sunflower oil from sunflower seeds (Heliantus annuus L.) using supercritical CO 2 was studied. The shrinking core model was applied to the modeling of the packed-bed extraction process. The experimental data were obtained for extraction conducted at the pressures of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 MPa; the temperatures of 313, 333 and 353 K, the CO 2 flow rates of 1-4, and 6 cm 3 CO 2 min −1 ; the mean particle diameters of 0.23, 0.55, 1.09, 2.18 mm. The supercritical CO 2 extraction process was modeled by a quasi steady state model as a function of extraction time, pressure, temperature, CO 2 flow rate, and particle diameter. The supercritical CO 2 extraction process. The intraparticle diffusion coefficient (effective diffusivity) D e was used as adjustable parameter. The model using the best fit of D e was correlated the data satisfactorily.
Critical review of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected oil seeds
Acta periodica technologica, 2010
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, as a relatively new separation technique, can be used as a very efficient process in the production of essential oils and oleoresins from many of plant materials. The extracts from these materials are a good basis for the new pharmaceutical products and ingredients in the functional foods. This paper deals with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected oil seeds which are of little interest in classical extraction in the food industry. In this article the process parameters in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, diameter of gound materials, and moisture of oil seed were presented for the following seeds: almond fruits, borage seed, corn germ, grape seed, evening primrose, hazelnut, linseed, pumpkin seed, walnut, and wheat germ. The values of investigated parameters in supercritical extraction were: pressure from 100 to 600 bar, temperature from 10 to 70oC, diameter of grindi...
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013
The objective of this study was to extract oil and tocopherols from almond seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide and to compare this extraction with a traditional solvent method. Oil and tocopherol extraction rates were determined as functions of the pressure (350-550 bar), temperature (35-50 • C) and CO 2 flow rate (10-30 kg h −1 ), using a 10-l vessel. The effects of matrix particle size on extraction yield were also studied and it was demonstrated that extraction yield is greatly influenced by particle size. Maximum recovery was obtained in the first 2-3 h of extraction at a pressure of 420 bar, a temperature of 50 • C and a flow rate of 30 kg h −1 CO 2 . These results suggest that the elevated initial oil and tochopherol solubility is related to the increased proportion of fatty acids in the initial extract. The results were compared with those obtained when hexane/methanol was used as a solvent.
Extraction of Clove and Vetiver Oils with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Modeling and Simulation
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal, 2007
The kinetics of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of clove and vetiver oils using carbon dioxide as solvent was studied, in order to establish an efficient method to predict extraction curves on large scale. The mass transfer model of Sovová was used to adjust the experimental SFE data, which were obtained at 100 bar and 35 °C for clove and 200 bar and 40 °C for vetiver, using extraction columns of different geometry and solvent flow rates. Some other process parameters, such as bed density and porosity, solvent to feed ratio and solvent velocity were kept constant from one experiment to another, in order to verify if the mass transfer coefficients adjusted by the model varied. The results show that the model of Sovová was able to predict an overall extraction curve for clove from data obtained with twenty times less raw material, since the mass transfer coefficients remained the same and the predicted curves were similar to the observed ones. For vetiver, the simulation was not as effective, probably due to the effects of transport properties on the process.