Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Chlorophyll-A in Southern Part of the Makassar Strait (original) (raw)
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Journal of Ecological Engineering
The chlorophyll-a (chl) abundances on the Fisheries Management Area of Indonesia Republic (WPP-RI 572), as fishery resources over the western coast of Sumatera (WSC) and Sunda Strait, were examined in this study. The extensive investigation on the mechanism ocean dynamics on chl variability along WSC was observed by using remotely sensed data on the surface. The spatial analysis was conducted using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua Ocean colour data for a period of January 2003 to December 2015. On seasonal time scale, the surface chlorophyll-a (schl) concentration in the southern tip of Sumatra is higher than the schl in the northern tip of Sumatra. The obtained results showed that the schl concentration in the southern tip of Sumatra increases (decreases) during the southeast (northwest) monsoons. Interestingly, its interactions with the southeast monsoon wind result in intensified coastal upwelling along the monsoon trough in July-August. It triggered a large bloom of the schl concentration from the upwelling region of southern tip Sumatra. Moreover, the schl in the center region followed the peak of the equatorial wind during the period transition in the Indian Ocean which is controlling the dynamics ocean such as upwelling event. Meanwhile, the opposite situation of the schl concentration observed low along the western coast of Sumatra during the northwest monsoon. At the same time, strong upwelling observed at the northern tip of Sumatra was associated with intense cooling on the sea surface temperature. It triggered a large bloom of high schl water from the upwelling region of northern Sumatra Island.
Variability of Surface Chlorophyll-a in the Makassar Strait – Java Sea, Indonesia
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2014
Eleven years (2002-2012) of surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) data from the Aqua-MODIS satellite were analyzed to determine spatial pattern and temporal variation in the key region for the small pelagic fishery between the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea Indonesia. The surface chl-a time-series data can be explained by the first two eigenvectors mode, which accounted for about 90% of total variance. The first eigenvector mode (86%) displays a map of contours that are maxima in the northern Java and western Sulawesi, and are minima around Kalimantan. The corresponding principal component is mostly the annual fluctuation of chl-a with a maximum (minimum) during the peak of the northwest monsoon (the southeast monsoon) periods. There is a phase-lag of about 6-month of chl-a maxima between the northern Makassar Strait and the western Java Sea. On inter-annual time-scale fluctuation of chl-a is well correlated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation variability in the Pacific Ocean, as we...
Nine years of monthly data of MODIS derived chl-a around Makassar Strait of Indonesia were used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of chl-a concentration. The variability was further analyzed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF). The first mode (62.08% of variance) showed variability of seasonal pattern. The second mode (5.75% of variance) showed variability during the Northwest monsoon and the Southeast monsoon. Meanwhile, the third mode (2.72% of variance) and the fourth mode (2.25% of variance) showed variability during the Transition monsoon I and II, respectively.The variability of chl-a along the Borneo Island is influenced by river runoff during the Northwest monsoon, while the variability of chl-a along the Sulawesi Island is induced by strong wind and current during the Southeast monsoon.
One of abundance of nutrient in coastal area is chlorophyll-a, where chlorophyll-a is a driving factor to derive fishing ground location. There's several method has been used to derive chlorophyll-a concentration from insitu data, remote sensing satellite data, and ocean dynamics models, but we are not decide those data for certain area in coastal area and open ocean. In this paper, we will use Aqua-Terra MODIS, Landsat-8 and INDESO Satellite observation dataset to detect chlorophyll-a and also using dynamic modelling produced by INDESO and MyOcean/Marine Copernicus. Using a lot variation of data to understand the differences of spatial resolution and accuracy with observed insitu data. After calculating data comparison with in-situ data in Bali Strait on 2014, we can conclude that Landsat-8 data has the highest r value r=0.41. For model data, a comparison between in-situ data and MyOcean data has r=0.3. in the other hand, in-situ data and INDESO data model has r=0.26. In coastal areas (case 2 water), Landsat-8 data performed to give detail information of chlorophyll-a. Furthermore, for open ocean areas (case 1 water), we can use a numerical model from MyOcean/Marine Copernicus because it has lower resolution and able to forecast. For those data, it can help non-artisanal fisheries to predict chlorophyll-a area in their fishing ground areas
Remote Sensing
The southern coast of South Sulawesi-Indonesia is known as an upwelling area occurring during dry season, which peaks in August. This upwelling area is indicated by high chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations due to a strong easterly wind-induced upwelling. However, the investigation of Chl-a variability is less studied along the western coast of South Sulawesi. By taking advantages of remote sensing data of Chl-a, sea surface temperature, surface wind, and precipitation, the present study firstly shows that along the western coast of South Sulawesi, there are two areas, which have high primary productivity occurring during the rainy season. The first area is at 119.0° E–119.5° E; 3.5° S–4.0° S, while the second area is at 119.0° E–119.5° E; 3.5° S–4.0° S. The maximum primary productivity in the first (second) area occurs in April (January). The generating mechanism of the high primary productivity along the western coast of South Sulawesi is different from its southern coast. The pre...
Variability of Chlorophyll-a Distribution Off Pahang Coastal Waters Using Satellite Images
malaysiageospatialforum.org
Determination of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) distribution in the coastal waters is important to understand the physical conditions of the area. This study was conducted to understand the spatial and temporal dynamic of Chl-a in the coastal waters off Pahang, Malaysia and to determine factors influencing its variability. Five years of Aqua MODIS satellite data from January 2006 to December 2010 of Chl-a distribution and sea surface temperature (SST) were analysed. Daily Level 1A data (1 km spatial resolution) were processed to monthly composites Level 3 data using SeaDAS and ERDAS Imagine software. Variability of the time series of monthly Chl-a and SST images were determined using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. Four modes explained the variability for Chl-a distribution and SST in this region with total variance of 83.63 % and 97.49 % respectively. First mode for the distribution of Chl-a (76.0 % of variance) explained the seasonal cycle. Mode 2 (4.18 % of variance) showed high distribution of Chl-a off Sg. Pahang river mouth and along the coast during the Southwest and Northeast monsoon respectively. Mode 3 (2.08 % of variance) indicated distribution of Chl-a along the coast which explained the Northeast monsoon and subsequently mode 4 (1.37 % of variance) indicated the inter-monsoon periods at the river mouth and along the coast. Meanwhile EOF variance for SST showed that the first mode (97.0 % of variance) explained the seasonal cycle. Mode 2 (0.18 % of variance) indicated the inter-monsoon periods indicating variability along coast towards offshore. Mode 3 (0.17 % of variance) and Mode 4 (0.14 % of variance) explained the variability during the Northeast monsoon (along coast and offshore) and Southwest monsoon (offshore and south of river mouth) respectively. This study showed that the Chla distribution off Pahang coastal water region was influenced by SST and wind stress direction during monsoons period.
The Distribution of Chlorophyll in West Kalimantan Coastal Using VIIRS-SNPP Satellite Data
Background: West Kalimantan is one of provinces in Indonesia which has waters which are often exposed to environmental impacts due to human activities. Photosynthesis is produced from phytoplankton organisms which have chlorophyll pigment. One of the water parameters is chlorophyll. The concentration of chlorophyll can describe the high primary productivity of a waters because it is related to the abundance of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton act as primary producers 3, 4. One way to observe the concentration and distribution of chlorophyll is to use remote sensing technology. Remote sensing technology allows the coverage of the observation area to be wider, making it easier to map the distribution of chlorophyll in a waters.. Materials and Methods: This study used level-3 chlorophyll image data with the Standard Mapped Image (SMI) type from the Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite-Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (VIIRS-SNPP) sensor which can be accessed on the website https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/l3/. The resampling implementation in this study used the Nearest Neighbor Method. Results: Overall, the chlorophyll concentration in West Kalimantan Province was in the range of 0.45-20 mg/m3. The change of seasons and hydrological conditions of the waters, namely the influence of the river was the cause of the high concentration of chlorophyll in the area. Conclusion: The concentration of chlorophyll in the coastal areas of Kalimantan shows the highest concentration value. Where the high concentration is more dominantly influenced by the input from the river which participates in carrying the nutrients needed by organisms.
The investigation is aimed to know the relationship between chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and the abundance of Oily sardine (Sardinella lemuru), in Bali Strait. A time series of monthly mean chl-a data derived from Ocean Color Thermal Scanner (OCTS) sensor and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of View Sensor (SeaWiFS) during 1997-1999 are used in this study. Monthly Sardinella lemuru catch during 1997-1999 are obtained from fish landing data. The abundance of Sardinella lemuru is determined from acoustic data conducted in Bali Strait in September 1998 and May 1999. The result shows that the fluctuation of chlorophyll-a concentration in Bali Strait is influenced by monsoon and global climate change phenomena such as Dipole Mode (DM) event. During southeast Monsoon the upwelling process occurred around Bali Strait, so that the chl-a concentration is increased and during DM event occurred positive anomaly of chl-a concentration. The catch of Sardinella lemuru in Bali Strait is fluctuated during 1997-1999. The correlation between chl-a concentration and lemuru catch is positive and significant with certain time lag.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Phytoplankton is a microscopic plant that has a function to produces oxygen and organic substances. It also plays a role as a main producer in the food chain of a marine ecosystem. Chlorophyll-a is a colour pigment most common in phytoplankton species, so that the concentration level of chlorophyll-a can be used as an indicator of the abundance of phytoplankton cells, and as a reference for predicting organic potency in the aquatic area. This research discusses about the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a and its correlation with salinity and total suspended solid (TSS), in the seawaters of Cirebon, West Java. The goal of this research is to be a source of information for fishermen, and other stakeholders whose related subjects in the field of marine and fisheries to predict fertile water regions and can also be used as an indicator in discovering potential areas to catch pelagic fish in Cirebon seawaters. Chlorophyll-a concentration, salinity, and TSS are identified using remote sensing data such as Landsat-8 OLI multi temporal images according to dry and wet month parameters in the 2014-2015. The results of the processed image are then validated between in-situ measurements in the field and remote sensing imagery at the same time. This research utilizes descriptive analysis, and statistics with spatial approach. The results of the research show that temporally, chlorophyll-a levels have a tendency to be higher in wet months compared to dry months, while chlorophyll-a is higher in areas near the coastline compared to open sea areas. The distribution of chlorophyll-a concentration is affected by salinity and TSS distribution, where salinity has the negative relationship and TSS has the positive relationship with chlorophyll-a distribution.
Satellite Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll-a Distribution in the Northeast Arabian Sea
Abstract-The present paper discuss on spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the coastal and offshore waters of northeastern Arabian Sea, using Advanced Earth Observation Satellite OCTS data. The Chl-a concentration found high all along the western Indian coastal waters, with significant variations at Gulf of Cambay and Gulf of Kutch regions, ranging from 0.05 to 4.0 mg m-3.