Design Provisions for An Easy Intervention in the Future Life of a Structure. The Case of the Post- Byzantine Timber-roofed Basilicas of Troodos Area in Cyprus (original) (raw)
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The dynamic behaviour of the roof interventions in the Basilica San Francesco in Assisi
IABSE Conference, Nara 2015: Elegance in structures, 2015
During the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake, two of the vaults of the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi collapsed as a result of two earthquakes with 5.6 and 5.8 magnitudes. The structure had endured stronger earthquakes for centuries before these events, and there are likely many reasons for the 1997 collapse, such as damages cumulated from previous earthquakes or the retrofitting made to the structure over its lifetime. A full description and history of the different retrofit interventions of the Basilica are presented. In particular, the Basilica's roof has been subjected to three major restorations in its life. Besides, this study considers the effects of the different roof interventions on the global dynamic behavior of the structure. A simple analytical model is employed to show trends in the structure's seismic response to the 2nd shock of the 1997 earthquake given the changes in stiffness and mass of the roof over the centuries. The results of the analytical model sug...
Post-seismic Restoration Project of Basilica Churches in Kefallonia Island
2019
Engineers working on the preservation of cultural heritage, confronted to the ubiquitous demand for the restoration of historic and monumental buildings, need transdisciplinary and efficient methods for the study of ancient, yet highly complicated, structures. The severe 2014 Kefallonia earthquake, in combination with the vulnerable, in terms of geometry and materials, structural system of Basilica churches resulted to severe damage in two significant post-byzantine churches: the Basilica of Saint Marina in Soullaroi and the Basilica of the Virgin in Roggoi. The restoration study presented in this paper, performed by the architects and the engineers of the Directorate for the Restoration of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments of the Ministry of Culture of Greece, was carried out by following several successive research stages in order to result in a detailed intervention project for these Basilicas. The project was based on the digital representation and modeling, the architectur...
On the island of Cyprus there is a distinct type of wooden roofed basilica, dating from the mid-15th to the late-19th century AD, which, according to many researchers, is unique to the European and Mediterranean area. There are more than 130 churches of this type, all of them located in the Troodos mountain area, which is the highest of the two mountain ranges in Cyprus. As far as typology (plan) is concerned, there are two main categories: The simple, one-wing churches and a number of three-wing churches. Few churches have two wings, but generally this is a result of the need to extend a simple-wing church. The main characteristic of these churches is their wooden pitched roof construction. Its uniqueness lies on the construction of two distinctive, but co-operating, wooden sections, the Inner and the Outer roof. The Inner Roof has a three-dimensional long triangular shape with great stiffness, mainly due to the existence of its horizontal tie-beams and their special connection with the densely placed rafters. Its connection with the masonry base is accomplished through a cleverly designed six-part wall-plate, put along the south and north bearing walls. The Outer Roof is literally suspended from the Inner Roof and it carries the heavy load of the solid brick flat roof tiles. The constructional analysis, carried out by the Architectural Technology Unit of Frederick University Cyprus during the last five years, showed that there are certain unique characteristics that lead the researchers to raise a question, not only about the origin and evolution, but mainly about the construction “philosophy” of this extraordinary roof type. This special timber roof structure does not just cover and protect the interior space of the churches, but it also improves the anti-seismic and bioclimatic behaviour of these historic buildings. This article analyses the bioclimatic behaviour of this roof type, i.e. as a naturally ventilated double- skinned shell, which protects the interior from the outside high temperatures during summer, lowers significantly the internal temperature compared to the external, and maximises the thermal comfort inside the church.
Editorial-Special Issue on Structural Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings-IJMSI
International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity, 2011
Biographical notes: Oguz C. Celik's research focuses on the seismic evaluation, design, and retrofit of existing buildings and bridges, including historic timber and masonry structures. His work addresses the protection of such structures under extreme events, e.g., earthquakes, using seismic energy dissipation systems and advanced composite materials. He is a member of several national and international committees. He has been involved in many real-life seismic rehabilitation and retrofit projects in Turkey, Europe, and in Asia, including Ottoman Imperial mosques, Roman and Byzantine churches, cisterns, and aqueducts. He has published more than 80 publications in national and international journals, conference proceedings, and books. Significant experimental and theoretical work has been done so far in the field of structural damage detection, evaluation, and rehabilitation of historic buildings. Major earthquakes over the last 20 years in Turkey, Indonesia, Italy, Chile, New Z...
Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, SAHC08, 2-4 July 2008, Bath, United Kingdom, 2008
Due to the high intensity and the repetition of the events, the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli, Assisi was damaged severely, suffering the collapse of the vaults of central and left naves. After the first emergency interventions, engineer-architect Luigi Poletti (1792-1869) was appointed to design the retrofitting and restoration works. From an architectural point of view the works carried out by Poletti were rather respectful, but from a structural point of view they introduced interesting innovations. Contrary to the collapsed construction, Poletti rebuilt the roof over the central nave with an original raised tie beam and iron braced truss, not resting on the below vault, while the vault had now a tapered transversal section. Poletti's solution are considered from a structural point of view, performing numerical simulations by means of limit analysis and finite element models, with reference to his original drawings, to previous and following earthquake damages, and to contemporary technical literature.