Batteries, vehicle and infrastructure: interlocking elements of a new engineering system concept for personal mobility (original) (raw)
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arXiv: Signal Processing, 2017
Providing adequate charging infrastructure plays a momentous role in rapid proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Easy access to such infrastructure would remove various obstacles regarding limited EV mobility range. A Battery Swapping Station (BSS) is an effective approach in supplying power to the EVs, while mitigating long waiting times in a Battery Charging Station (BCS). In contrast with the BCS, the BSS charges the batteries in advance and prepares them to be swapped in a considerably short time. Considering that these stations can serve as an intermediate entity between the EV owners and the power system, they can potentially provide unique benefits to the power system. This paper investigates the advantages of building the BSS from various perspectives. Accordingly, a model for the scheduling of battery charging from the station owner perspective is proposed. An illustrative example is provided to show how the proposed model would help BSS owners in managing their assets ...
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This review paper discusses and compares various techniques presently used in improving the performance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) through different Battery Management Systems (BMS). Further, this paper discusses an improvised BMS based on the electrochemical properties of the battery. EVs use Permanent Magnet Synchronous motors, which are driven by the rechargeable batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are used in EVs. The present technologies can cover a distance of around 320 kilometers in a single charge of the battery module. The two important properties of an electrochemical battery are the Recovery effect and Rate Capacity effects have a decisive effect on the performance of the battery. These two effects and the surrounding temperature of the battery have been considered in the proposed new BMS. This would further increase the distance covered by the EV for a single charge which will result in the number of charging and discharging cycles, thus extending the overall life of the secondary batteries.
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2000 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37077), 2000
The growing concern about environmental degradation, and increasing amounts of greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles have generated significant interests among citizens, auto manufactmen and governments around the world to develop affordable and workable electric vehicles. Both he1 cell and electric battery operated vehicles are being considered for commercial deployment within the next five years. The availability of such technologies will off' new opportunities for distributed energy sources for partially meeting household electricity demand. The unique concept presented in this paper deals with using the electric vehicle (EV) as home-based power plant supplying electricity d m g hours of high price, and under emergency situations. Such dual-use opportunity for the EV will allow the EV owner to get financial benefits that can be used for servicing the carhattery lease expenses. This paper deals w i t h modeling the available capacity for stationary electricity output (while the vehicle is not on the road), the proper chargmg sequence, forecasting the load servicing capability of the EV battery or the !%el cell, and the system level load impact when the batteries are charged. The load servicing capability of the dual-purpose EV @PEW will determine the type of loads and duration of supply that can be provided by the on-board power plant.
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In order to increase the adoption rate of electric vehicles, they need to appeal to customers as much as their fossil fuel equivalents. However, major concerns include long battery charging times and range anxiety. These concerns can be mitigated if customers have access to battery swapping stations, where they can meet their motion energy requirements by swapping batteries for charged ones, in as much time as it takes to fill the gasoline reservoir of a conventional vehicle. Besides benefiting the customers, the battery swapping station is beneficial to the power system because it emulates an energy storage station capable of participating in electricity markets. In this station, the batteries can be scheduled to charge in grid-to-battery mode, inject power to the grid in battery-to-grid mode, and transfer energy between batteries in battery-to-battery mode, if there are economic advantages in doing so. This paper discusses how these various modes can be optimized and the results translated into a business case for battery swapping stations.
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Traditional mobility mostly relies on fossil fuels (e.g. the oil), but they will run out. Before the arrival of the depletion, we must get rid of our mobility dependence on the oil and prepare ourselves well for the advent of that day. Globally under urgent environmental protection mission and further tension between energy supply and demand, the transition of vehicular powertrains combined with the change or yet the revolution in mobility pattern is the trend of the times. Some thoughts and prospect are given here about the mobility pattern and its promotion. Similar to the Internet, a kind of Enternet (energy exchange network) could be constructed for the grid power to be shared and selected by energy users, in which distributed renewable power plants play a role as a "network terminal", and large-scale power plants (e.g. nuclear power plant, large-scale hydropower) as a "network server". It is here proposed to promote and introduce electric mobility in the near of renewable network terminals.
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Plug-in EVs are being heralded as a step towards acceptance of pure EV's. However concerns remain regarding uptake by consumers, in terms of range anxiety and economic operation. These concerns are mitigated if energy can be transferred to the vehicle while it is moving, but there are implications in terms of the highway infrastructure required without restricting a vehicle's freedom to move while providing power over air-gaps in excess of 200mm. Such flexibility brings with it problems that are not normally inherent in stationary systems where electronic alignment may be employed to control magnetic coupling. The system must cope with variances as seen by both the power supply and the EV, while ensuring that the power receiver is compatible with both stationary and roadway systems. This paper discusses recent developments in wireless charging infrastructure for EV's and describes systems that may be suitable in future. As vehicles operate on the Grid they will constitute a substantial load that must be managed. A solution is presented here at little infrastructural cost such that the Grid, 'on load' has better power quality than 'off-load'.