Socioeconomic and traditional importance of date palm (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenolics, sugar and mineral contents in date palm fruits
Journal of Food …, 2009
Sugar and mineral compositions of 10 Tunisian date varieties were investigated. Hydrophilic (aqueous extract) and hydrophobic extracts (ethanol extract) were used to determine the phenol contents and the total antioxidant activities of these dates. Results showed that date fruit varieties were rich in soluble sugars, which varied from 35.57 (Smiti variety) to 77.88 g/100 g fresh weight (FW) (Korkobbi variety). Several minerals were also present in the following order; K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. The potassium content reached 0.74 g/100 g dry weight in Smiti variety. For all date varieties, the phenol content did not exceed 9.70 (milligram of gallic acid equivalent/100 g FW). The original antioxidant activity reached 31.86 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity/100 g (FW) for Garn ghzal variety. However, it was only 17.77 for the Nefzaoui. Therefore, it can be deduced from these results that all these fruit varieties can be considered as high-energy food and only Garn ghzal seems to be interesting for technological purposes as food antioxidants.j fbc_225 390..403
BioTechnologia, 2019
Plants and their products are nature's gift to humans and animals. They help them lead a healthy, disease free life. Date palm counts for more than 3000 different cultivars around the world. The therapeutic value of the date plant is due to the presence of various phytochemical and bioactive compounds in almost every part of it. In addition to being a good source of dietary fiber, dates are free from sodium, fat, and cholesterol, which makes them a suitable dietary supplement for reducing the risk of heart diseases and cancer. Traditional systems of medicine use dates to treat a variety of ailments due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunostimulant activities as revealed by preclinical studies. Owing to its nutritious and medicinal properties, the fruit of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been referred to as a "super food" multiple times in the Quran. Interestingly, date palms have been honored by Jews, Christians, and Muslims as a symbol of honesty and righteousness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional and phytochemical composition of the fruit of the P. dactylifera plant, summarizing the history, symbolism, systematic and botanical distribution, and outlines their potential for medical applications, and health benefits.
The Role of Date Palm Fruit in Improving Human Health
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research., 2020
Despite the fact that date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits are characterised by a high content of carbohydrates, the quality of their carbohydrates results in a low glycaemic response. In comparison to common fruits consumed such as strawberries and guava, Date Palm Fruits (DPFs) have exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. DPFs have been shown to act effectively as free radical scavengers due to their content of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. These bioactive substances can absorb and neutralise free radical intermediates resulting from oxidation reactions in the human body. The vital action of DPF constituents contributes significantly in reducing physiological cellular damage and protecting the human body against oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. From this point, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a reduced risk of some chronic diseases due to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimutagenic activities of DPFs. In fact, DPFs have been widely used since ancient times in folk medicine to treat various health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and a source of functional nourishment. This review aims to consolidate most of the work carried out on DPFs in terms of their contents of nutrients and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with special emphasis on their functions in improving general health.
Date palm fruits are one of the most popular fruits packed with an impressive list of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are required for normal growth, development and overall well-being. They contain health benefiting polyphenolic antioxidants. This work is aimed to determine the phenolic profile and phenolic content of date palm fruits (Tamr stage) and evaluate their functional properties like antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to confirm the date palm health benefits. Water extract of Tamr stage showed a higher content (14.80 mg GAE/g sample) of phenolic compounds than ethanol extract (10.31mg GAE/g sample). HPLC analysis showed the extracts contain the high concentration in esculetin (15.11 and 17.30mg/100g) and tannic acid (2.85 and 1.79 mg/100g). On the other hand, protocatechuic acid, catechol, Pyrogallol and cinnamic acid didn’t detect in both extracts. Moderate concentrations of gallic acid (7.51 and 5.28 mg/100g), itaconic acid (6.40 and 5.91 mg/100g) and traces of ferulic acid (0.15 and 0.22 mg/100g) were detected. DPPH assay revealed a good antioxidant capacity of water extract, which was higher than of ethanol extract. Antimicrobial data exhibited an impressive antibacterial activity for date extract. Date extract showed a strong antibacterial activity (for water and ethanol extracts) against E. coli (20 ±0.57 and 16 ±0.57 mm), Salmonella enterica (20 ±0.54 and 14 ±0.52 mm) and Bacillus sabtilis (18±0.32, 15±0.23 mm) and moderate inhibition against staphylococcus areues (8 ±0.48 and 5 ±0.52 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (5 ±0.36 and 2 ±0.57mm). These findings may enhance our knowledge for the value and importance of using the dates in our daily diet; and can be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for various food products
Phytochemical characteristics of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit extracts
Pakistan Journal of …, 2012
The recent research activities are focused on finding the natural sources of antioxidants as consumers are more conscious about their diet and the synthetic antioxidants are being restricted these days due to their carcinogenicity. So there is more growing trend in searching for antioxidants of natural origin. The present research project was undertaken to explore the antioxidant potential of three Pakistani date varieties. The project was under taken to determine the total phenolics and antioxidant activity by DPPH and β-carotene of non-volatile extracts of three different date vatieties i.e. Dora, Dhakki and Karbalane. Antioxidants of non volatiles of date palm fruit extracts were utilized in a food model system (development of cake) and their potential was evaluated. The methanol extract of Karbaline showed the highest yield (5.01 ± 0.75) and Dora had highest total phenolic content (55.648±0.11 mg/g dry extract). The highest inhibition was attained by the methanol extract of karbaline (90.96%) at 200 µg/mL concentration. Interaction of variety & concentration and solvent & concentration was found significant. The β-carotene assay of Karbaline extract showed highest (98.87%) inhibition. Interaction of variety & concentration and solvent & concentration was also observed significant. Treatments containing date pastes results in lower amounts of TBA products and POV products. All the treatments had similar effect with respect to storage days. Collectively this data emphasize on the chemical composition of different Date verities cultivated in Pakistan and some variation in their antioxidative potential. Our results indicate that the inclusion of both Date fruit and its extracts in the food will increase the content of antioxidants, and thus probably prevent oxidative deterioration of food. So this study concludes that date palm fruit have good antioxidant potential and can be used to produce novel natural antioxidants as well as flavoring agents that can be used in various food products. The paper is useful for food manufactures in order to develop functional foods for consumer. Consumers will prefer the foods rich in antioxidants because they are more conscious about there health and functional food provide them what they desire i.e. health benefits with good nutrition.
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2020
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit is popular among arid and semi-arid regions' populations around the globe, due to its nutritional and cultural significance (Biglari, AlKarkhi, & Easa, 2008). It is also known as an important source of health-promoting constituents carrying around 172-246 mgGAE/100 g of total phenolics and 146-162 µmol Trolox equivalents/g (fw) of antioxidant activity, as reported for dates cultivated in Oman (Al-Farsi et al., 2007). Other reports also suggest it as a rich source of chemical with different biological properties (Djouab, Benamara, Gougam, Amellal, & Karima Hidous, 2016; Matloob & Al Hussein Balakit, 2016). It is reported to contain 0.2%-0.5% oil (flesh), 2.3%-5.6% protein, and 0.1-916 mg/100 g of total minerals among other nutrients (Al-Shahib & Marshall, 2003; Biglari et al., 2008). Date fruits are one of the important agricultural products which are widely consumed and traded in North-Africa, the Middle East, and different Asian countries. It can also be regarded as a functional food due to being the source of some important fibers, minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Fe), lipids, proteins, and energy (Myhara, Al-Alawi, Karkalas,
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2020
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit is popular among arid and semi-arid regions' populations around the globe, due to its nutritional and cultural significance (Biglari, AlKarkhi, & Easa, 2008). It is also known as an important source of health-promoting constituents carrying around 172-246 mgGAE/100 g of total phenolics and 146-162 µmol Trolox equivalents/g (fw) of antioxidant activity, as reported for dates cultivated in Oman (Al-Farsi et al., 2007). Other reports also suggest it as a rich source of chemical with different biological properties (Djouab, Benamara, Gougam, Amellal, & Karima Hidous, 2016; Matloob & Al Hussein Balakit, 2016). It is reported to contain 0.2%-0.5% oil (flesh), 2.3%-5.6% protein, and 0.1-916 mg/100 g of total minerals among other nutrients (Al-Shahib & Marshall, 2003; Biglari et al., 2008). Date fruits are one of the important agricultural products which are widely consumed and traded in North-Africa, the Middle East, and different Asian countries. It can also be regarded as a functional food due to being the source of some important fibers, minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Fe), lipids, proteins, and energy (Myhara, Al-Alawi, Karkalas,
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), a strategic oasian species in most Mediterranean regions, is often known by the commercialized Deglet Nour variety. However, many other common varieties that might have high importance are neglected. Te current study aims to evaluate the nutraceutical and functional properties of six common date palm cultivars, collected from three Tunisian oasian regions. Te biochemical composition and antioxidant potential of these date cultivars were investigated. Total polyphenols (TPP), total favonoids (TF), and condensed tannins (CT) contents varied signifcantly between varieties. In particular, the Ftimi cultivar had the highest amounts of TPP, TF, and CT (204.04 ± 12.85 mg•GAE/100 g•FW, 117.35 ± 7.49 mg•RE/100 g•FW, and 147.93 ± 7.65 mg•CTE/100 g•FW, respectively). Similarly, this cultivar exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with 131.59 ± 11.54 mg•TE/100 g•FW and 106.57 ± 2.33 mg•TE/100 g•FW, respectively, for DPPH and ABTS + assays. Contrary to the Deglet Nour variety, the six common dates contain a high amount of fructose and glucose (reducing sugars) and a low content of sucrose. LC-ESI-MS analysis showed that "Kenta" had the highest number of polyphenolic compounds (19 compounds) followed by "Ftimi" with 18 compounds, whereas "Deglet Nour" has only 15. Six major compounds (quinic acid, epicatechin, rutin, hyperoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and kaempferol) were omnipresent. Tese fndings highlight the high potential of neglected date palm varieties and confrm their richness with nutraceuticals and natural antioxidants.
Date palm (Phoenix dactilifera) is one of the oldest cultivated plants of the tropical and subtropical regions with its production, utilization and industrialization increasing ever since mostly in Arabian countries with Saudi Arabia been the world's largest producer. Date palm is also grown in northern Nigeria including Jigawa, Kano, Borno and Katsina states among others, propagated by seed, offshoot and tissue culture with latter been more promising.Date palm has a high nutritional value to humans due to its rich content of essential nutrients including sugar (65-80%), potassium, vitamin B1 and B2,fat (0.2–0.5%), salts and minerals, protein (2.3–5.6%), vitamins, Amino acid and a high percentage of dietary fiber (6.4–11.5%) which give its potential health benefit when consumed. Pharmacologically, Date palm fruit has a variety of phytochemicals including anthocyanin, phenolics, carotenoids, and flavonoids among others thus owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic and immunostimulant activities. Industrially, date fruits are processed into a variety of products including date syrup, date-jam, date-vinegar e.t.c. with its by-products been used in making sweets, confectionaries, concentrated beverages, substrate for microbial biomass and a variety of fermented products; other products obtained from date palm fruits include biopolymers, biofuels, biosurfactants as well as variety of organic acids thus makes the date palm fruit one of the most nutritive fruit in terms of health benefit and as ideal substrate for deriving a range of value added products in food and nutraceutical industries.The paper therefore reviews the nutritional as well as antimicrobial benefits of Date Palm in the management of infectious diseases and common nutritional disorders in our society.