Tobacco and myocardial infarction in middle-aged women: a study of factors modifying the risk (original) (raw)

The impact of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular outcome in women

2012

Cigarette smoking should be considered the most important known modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Globally, it is responsible for 10% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. An emerging and alarming problem is the growing incidence of smoking among women. Smoking promotes cardiovascular disease and primarily atherosclerosis through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms including increased oxidative stress and vasomotor, rheological and hematological dysfunction. Cigarette smoking also acts by potentiating other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It is now well documented that women are as vulnerable as men to the dangers of tobacco, if not more so: indeed, women using tobacco face virtually the same risks as men and even greater risks for some diseases. The exact mechanism of gender-related differences is unclear and several possible explanations have been offered. Moreover, the relative risk of CHD associated with smoking seems to be greater for yo...

Risk Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases in Light, Moderate and Heavy Smokers by Framingham Score

2018

Background: The prevalence of smokers in Indonesia is still quite high. Indonesia ranks second highest number of smokers. Smoking can cause several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease. This study aims to describe the risk of cardiovascular disease in light smokers, moderate smokers and heavy smokers. Methods This is a descriptive analytic with cross sectional study design. Sixty subjects included in this study were active smokers male aged 20-55 years old who did not have a history of degenerative disease. Smokers criteria determined by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Blood pressure was measured by using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood cholesterol levels checked by using a spectrophotometer. The risk of cardiovascular disease is determined by using the Framingham score. Framingham score and a long relationship of smoking with smokers criteria tested by Pearson correlation (p> 0.05) Results: The average age of smokers was 36.6 years with an average sm...

Tobacco Exposure; a Neglected Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Female Patients Admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Pakistan Journal of Chest medicine, 2015

Background: The modifiable cardiovascular risk factors associated with ACS may have different impact on men and women, which may also differ in different population groups. There are limited studies on the subject of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in general and different type of tobacco exposure in special among female patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Pakistan. This study has been undertaken to determine the frequency of different type of Tobacco Exposure as one of a modifiable risk factor associated with ACS in female patients admitted to cardiology department, Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) Peshawar. Objective: To determine the frequency of different type of Tobacco Exposure as a modifiable risk factor associated with ACS in female patients admitted to cardiology department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Study Design and Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cardiology department, KTH Peshawar. All females who fulfill the diagnostic ...

Related Risk Factors in the Western Collaborative Group Study Cigarette Smoking: Its Relationship to Coronary Heart Disease and

2010

The association of the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) with smoking habits was studied for 45 years in over 3,000 healthy, employed men, aged 39 to 59 years, at intake into a prospective, epidemiological investigation. The risk of CHD was significantly associated both with current and former cigarette usage. More specifically, this association was found to prevail in men suffering symptomatic and fatal myocardial infarction but not in men sustaining silent myocardial infarction or angina pectoris only and was much stronger in younger than in older age groups.