The impacts of education and training on the labour market experiences of young adults (original) (raw)
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The impact of education and training on the labour market experiences of young adults
2000
This paper uses pooled cross-section data on recent school leavers in Ireland to model the determinants of labour market status and wages for young adults. Firstly we use a multinomial logit model to analyze whether individuals exit school to employment, unemployment or higher education. Family background is an important predictor for participation in higher education reflecting the degree of rationing in the system.
Returns to education in the Irish youth labour market
Journal of Population Economics, 1999
Using data from two large-scale household surveys in 1987 and 1994, we estimate wage equations which show substantial increases in returns to university education for young Irish workers over the period, despite the exceptional increase in numbers with these quali®cations. Returns to nondegree third level certi®cates and diplomas fell in relative terms, but returns to quali®cations obtained by those leaving school at about 16 years of age rose. We argue that the increased return to university education primarily re¯ects the generalised shift in demand towards skilled labour internationally and the open nature of the Irish labour market. However, a¯oor may have been placed under earnings for low-skilled youth by the increased generosity of income support available to them.
Modelling the Transition from School and the Demand for Training in the United Kingdom
Economica, 1997
This paper analyses the choices made by school leavers and the demand for training in the youth labour market. Using a large cross-section database on all school leavers in Lancashire in 1991, we model, using a multinomial logit, their first destination six months after the end of compulsory schooling. We model six choices͞outcomes: non-vocational continuing education, vocational continuing education, youth training, employment with on-the-job training, employment with general-skills training, and unemployment.
The Earnings and Employment Effects of Young People's Vocational Training in Britain
The Manchester School, 2001
We examine the longer run e¡ects of youth training using the Youth Cohort Study Cohort III. These data follow individuals up to the age of 23 while previous studies typically analyse younger people. The problem of attrition is addressed by using an`item non-response' variable as an instrument to predict drop-out. We estimate earnings and employment equations to analyse the e¡ects of training. The results contrast with those from previous studies by suggesting there are no adverse employment or earnings e¡ects from governmentsponsored training. We ¢nd signi¢cant returns to quality training such as degrees and apprenticeships.
Education, occupational class, and unemployment in the regions of the United Kingdom
Education Economics, 2008
Estimating the returns to education is an important aspect of empirical economics. Usually this is achieved by estimating the additional earnings provided by an extra year of schooling. However, given the difficulty of obtaining reliable earnings data, this approach is not always easy to implement. This paper proposes an alternative measure of returns to education based on the probability of "labour market success" associated with different levels of qualification. Returns to education, so conceived, are estimated on data from the 2001 UK Census for the different regions of the UK. Two measures of "success" are used: first, the likelihood of persons in employment being in "good" jobs; second, the likelihood of persons in the labour force being in employment. The results show that, in every region of the UK, better qualifications are significantly and strongly associated with higher probabilities of labour market success.
In the extensive literature on the employment impact of public-sponsored training programmes for the unemployed, insufficient attention has been paid to the differential impact of different types of programmes and training duration. This paper uses a unique dataset, which tracks the labour market position of a cohort of unemployment benefit claimants for almost two years, to evaluate the impact of a range of government-sponsored training courses in Ireland. Overall, we found that those who participated in training were less likely to be unemployed at the end of the two-year study period. However, the average effect of training varied by the type and duration of training received. In general, we found strong positive effects for job-search skills training and medium-to high-level skills courses, a more modest positive effect for general vocational skills programmes (which are not strongly linked to demand in the labour market) and less consistent effects with respect to low-level ski...
Educational Inequalities Among School Leavers in Ireland 1979-1994
The extent to which inequalities in educational outcomes persist in modern Ireland has been the subject of much debate. This paper investigates whether the rapid expansion in educational participation rates over the 1980s and early 1990s has led to a reduction in social class and gender inequalities. Using data from the annual surveys of school leavers conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute, analyses highlight marked changes in female educational participation, particularly in the third-level sector, but a remarkable persistence in class inequalities in educational attainment. Contrary to findings based on other sources , no reduction in socio-economic inequalities is apparent in access to third-level education.
Higher Education and the Determination of Aggregate Male Employment by Age
Education Economics, 2004
This paper studies the determinants of age-specific employment rates among Swedish males, focusing on the effect of education on employment. We use cohort specific data for the time period 1984-1996 covering male cohorts aged 21-45. It is found that aggregate age-group-specific employment rates increase with the proportion of the cohort with an academic degree. Two states of the labour market are then compared; the high employment period 1984-1990 and the downturn 1991-1996. The effect is stronger in the downturn period as compared with the boom period. However, we do not find any strong evidence in favour of the hypothesis that the effect of higher education on employment is declining with age. A measure of relative education is used to capture crowding out effects. The results indicate a significant effect in the high employment period.