Radical Surgery for Endometriosis (original) (raw)
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Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 2009
Study objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic bowel resections for endometriosis performed by gynecologic surgeons. Design: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). Setting: Fertility and pelvic surgery clinics. Patients: One hundred sixty-eight women (age 21-53 years) with symptoms including pelvic pain, infertility, or both with 252 bowel endometriotic lesions underwent laparoscopic bowel resection performed by gynecologic surgeons between May 2000 and January 2008. Interventions: Laparoscopic procedures for excision of several endometriotic nodes and lesions included shaving resection (LscShR), discoid resection (LscDR), segmental resection (LscSgR), terminal ileal resection (LscIR), partial cecal resection (LscCR), and appendectomy (LscAp). Measurements and Main Results: The 168 patients underwent 172 laparoscopic bowel resections (4 patients were operated on twice) by the same surgeon. Lesions were distributed as follows: 133 (79%) in the rectum, 61 (24%) in the sigmoid colon, 47 (19%) in the appendix, 5 (2%) in the terminal ileum, 3 (1%) in the descending colon, and 3 (1%) in the cecum. At surgeon discretion, 12 lesions were not resected. A total of 216 bowel procedures were necessary to remove the 240 lesions include shaving resection in 22 patients (10%), discoid resection in 52 (24%), segmental resection in 92 (42%), terminal ileal resection in 2 (1%), partial cecal resection in 1 (0.6), and appendectomy in 47 (22%). Major complications occurred in 13 patients (7.6%) and included rectovaginal fistula in 3 patients (1.7%), rectosigmoid anastomosis dehiscence and bowel occlusion in 1 patient each (0.6%), and persistent bowel dysfunction in 4 patients (2.3%). These results are comparable to those reported in the literature to date. Complete relief of symptoms (measured using the Visick scale) was noted in patients with dysmenorrhea (59%), dyspareunia (75%), noncyclic pelvic pain (90%), pain on defecation (100%), constipation (83%), and cyclic rectal bleeding (100%). Conclusion: Surgery to treat bowel endometriosis can be safely and efficiently performed by the gynecologic pelvic surgeon. Meticulous training and a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensive operative care are necessary. These findings can be validated by prospective collaborative studies and reports from other surgeons.
Endometriosis Involving Colon and Rectum: A Literature Review and Laparoscopic Management
Surgery & Case Studies: Open Access Journal
Introduction: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissue consisting of glands and/ or stroma located outside the uterus [1], although implanted ectopically, this tissue presents histopathological and physiological responses that are similar to the responses of the endometrium [2]. Clinical Features: Endometriosis usually becomes apparent in the reproductive years when the lesions are stimulated by ovarian hormones. Forty percent of the patient's present symptoms in a cyclic manner, which are usually related with menses Pelvic pain, infertility and dyspareunia are the characteristic symptoms of the disease, but the clinical presentation is often non-specific [1]. Diagnosis and Investigations: A precise diagnosis about the presence, location and extent of rectosigmoid endometriosis is required during the preoperative workup because this information is necessary in the discussion with both the colorectal surgeon and the patient. Furthermore, almost all patients with intestinal endometriosis have lesions in multiple pelvic locations and it is difficult to know what symptoms are caused by the intestinal disease versus the pelvic disease. Treatment: Treatment must be individualized, taking the clinical problem in its entirety into account, including the impact of the disease and the effect of its treatment on quality of life. Pain symptoms may persist despite seemingly adequate medical and/ or surgical treatment of the disease. In such circumstances, a multidisciplinary approach involving a pain clinic and counselling should be considered early in the treatment plan.
Radical resection of invasive endometriosis with bowel or bladder involvement—Long-term results
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2005
Objective: With the present study we wanted to evaluate the effect of a radical resection of bowel and bladder endometriosis with respect to relief of pain symptoms and long-term effects. Study design: Retrospectively we analyzed 23 patients undergoing bowel or bladder resection for infiltrating endometriosis between 1995 and 2004. Chart review was performed and data were analyzed with respect to pain symptoms, fertility, type of surgery, operative morbidity and mortality. At 1, 3 and 5 years of follow-up patients were asked to evaluate their symptoms based on a visual analogue pain scale (0: no pain, 10: most severe pain). Results were compared using the Student's t-test. Results: Leading symptoms were chronic pelvic pain (17/23, 73.9%), dysmenorrhea (11/23, 47.8%), dyspareunia (6/23, 26.1%), infertility (4/23, 17.4%) and dyschezia (4/23, 17.4%). Three patients (13%) had abdominal hysterectomy, 5 (21.7%) LSO (n = 2) or BSO (n = 3), 18 (78.3%) anterior rectal resection, 4 (17.4%) sigmoid resection, 2 (8.6%) segmental bladder resection and one patient (4.3%) cecal resection. Major complications requiring re-operation occurred in three patients (2Â postoperative bleeding, 1Â anastomosis break-down). During follow-up (mean 40.5 months) 21 of the 23 patients (91.3%) had a persistent improvement of symptoms, 8 of the 23 (34.8%) had recurrent symptoms with a mean symptom-free interval of 40.4 months after surgery (24-60 months). No patient developed dyspareunia or dyschezia during follow-up. Overall cure rate was 73.9%. Four patients became pregnant (23%). Average pain scores increased during follow-up period but still remained significantly below the initial score ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Radical surgery for deep endometriosis with bowel or bladder involvement leads to a reliable and persistent relief of pain symptoms. Especially deep dyspareunia and dyschezia might be eliminated by this procedure. #
Laparoscopic Management of Intestinal Endometriosis
The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, 2000
Intestinal involvement by endometriosis traditionally required open laparotomy for bowel resection and anastomosis. Operative laparoscopy may offer the most effective form of treatment for these women. Two women with endometriosis of the rectum and right hemicolon, respectively, underwent transvaginal resection of the rectum and laparotomy for hemicolectomy, assisted by laparoscopy. The only morbidity was postoperative ileus in the former patient. Both women were asymptomatic at the 6-week postoperative visit.
Bowel endometriosis: a surgical red flag
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Endometriosis is a disease restricted usually to the female genital tract. Involvement of the bowel by this disease can lead to a diagnostic dilemma due to the great variation in the symptomatology. Awareness of the pathophysiology, clinical features and diagnostic modalities is of utmost importance to decide the modality of treatment. Hormonal manipulation and surgical resection are the two modalities of treatment. The choice depends upon critical analysis of clinical and radiological findings and the desire to have pregnancy in cases associated with infertility.
Laparoscopic colorectal resection for endometriosis
Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 2005
Background The rectosigmoid colon is affected by deep pelvic endometriosis in 3–37% of cases. In the past, treatment of the affected gastrointestinal tract generally required conversion to conventional surgery. We describe our experience with complete laparoscopic management of deep pelvic endometriosis with bowel involvement. Methods From March 1995 to March 2003, 29 consecutive patients with endometriosis requiring laparoscopic intervention were evaluated. In seven patients (24%) colorectal involvement was identified prior to the operation. A low anterior resection was performed in four patients (57%) and a sigmoid resection in three (43%). In all cases, colonoscopy showed a normal mucosa. In all cases, treatment consisted of resection of the bowel involved together with the excision of all other implants. Data analysis included age, previous abdominal operations, previous history of endometriosis, operative time, conversion rate, complications, length of stay, and pain relief. Results There were seven patients with colorectal involvement whose median age was 32.8 years (range, 28–40), with a history of previous abdominal operation in two (28%). Preoperative symptoms were as follow: dysmenorrea in four patients (57%), dyspareunia in four (57%), pelvic pain in seven (100%), rectal bleeding in one (14%), and tenesmus in five (71%). Mean operative time was 190 min (range, 165–230). Length of stay was 8.3 days (range, 7–11). There were no anastomotic leak and no major postoperative complication. One patient had temporary urinary retention. At a median follow-up of 38.7 months (range, 1–84), complete relief of pelvic symptoms was achieved in five patients (71%), and there was improvement in one patient. In one patient complaining of persistent pain, a new colonic implant was diagnosed two years after the surgery requiring reoperation. Conclusions The results show that provided that the surgeon is highly skilled in laparoscopy, laparoscopic resection of deep pelvic endometriosis with rectosigmoid involvement is feasible and effective in nearly all patients.
Review on endometriosis surgery
2021
The indication and technique of endometriosis surgery changed rapidly over the last 50 years since better understanding the disease and an improved diagnosis. This review will therefore include a short discussion of the importance and limits of evidence-based medicine (EBM), the clinical importance and diagnostic value of imaging and the alternative medical treatments. Surgery is the cornerstone of infiltrating and fibrotic endometriosis and useful for minor endometriosis. We suggest redefining the aim of surgery, as the elimination of all endometrium like cells with genetic or epigenetic (G-E) endometriotic changes. Microscopic endometriosis in the peritoneum, in the bowel wall and in lymph nodes at distance from a deep endometriosis nodule does not need surgery since there is no evidence that it causes pain, infertility or progression into more severe forms of endometriosis. Subtle and typical lesions need excision or destruction since some of them might progress because of G-E changes. Excision of cystic ovarian endometriosis is associated with fewer recurrences, probably since more complete, but with more ovarian damage than superficial destruction of the lining of the cyst. However, since endometriotic infiltration in the cyst wall is less than 2 mm deep, the rest of the capsule being fibrosis, chemical superficial destruction might combine completeness with superficial treatment. For the surgery of deep endometriosis, the authors have reached consensus on many aspects. This comprises the prevention of nerve damage, the complete excision from the vaginal fornix, the complete excision from the bladder preserving the intramural ureter, ureter excision and anastomosis for fibrotic stenosis, short instead of large bowel resections when necessary and the liberal use of sigmoid resections. Other aspects remain debated, such as the excision of fibrotic endometriosis surrounding and extending below the ureter risking to damage the inferior hypogastric plexus, the exact indication of rectum resections versus complete excision with eventual suture of muscularis or mucosa versus limited excision completed by discoid excision with a circular stapler. The concept of completeness of excision will be discussed since the outer layers might be metaplastic cells without G-E changes. Also, the treatment of macroscopically fibrotic lesions without endometriosis is not clear.
BioMed Research International, 2014
Background. Laparoscopic bowel resections for endometriosis are safe and effective but only short-term follow-up has been evaluated. In the present study long-term outcome in terms of intestinal and urinary function, fertility, chronic pain, and recurrence was assessed. Materials and Methods. From January 2002 to December 2010 nine hundred patients underwent laparoscopic bowel resection for endometriosis, and on 774 (86%) a questionnaire was administered. Patients were divided into 3 groups on the strength of the operation date. Postoperative diarrhea, constipation, rectal bleeding, tenesmus, dyschezia, dysuria, dyspareunia, fertility, and recurrence of disease were assessed. Results. The median follow-up was 54 months (range 1-120). All the evaluated symptoms significantly improved over time, with = 0.0001 for dyspareunia, constipation, and pelvic pain and = 0.004 for diarrhea. Nonsignificant improvement was reported for dysuria and rectal bleeding (with = 0.452 and = 0.097, resp.). Conclusions. The present results confirm that bowel resections for endometriosis are correlated with an acceptable complication rate even at longterm follow-up and that symptoms significantly improve over time, except for rectal bleeding and dysuria, the latter associated with a neurological damage.
Surgery for gastrointestinal endometriosis: indications and results
Acta chirurgica Belgica
Although gastrointestinal endometriosis is an uncommon and often unexpected finding, the best treatment requires removal of all endometriotic lesions. The purpose of our study was to report our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of bowel endometriosis. From January 1997 to January 2004, 13 patients (mean 35.7y ; range 21-55y) were operated for bowel endometriosis. We noted: age, history of endometriosis, previous pregnancies, preoperative investigations and symptoms, operative procedure and intraoperative findings. Follow-up varied between one month postoperative examination and seven years. Presenting symptoms of the cases were: acute appendicitis (3), dysmenorrhoea (7), constipation (6), pelvic pain (2), rectal bleeding (3) and dyspareunia (2). Operative management was performed in accordance with the anatomical distribution. Seven patients had a history of previous operations and multifocal involvement was present in 61.5% of cases. At a median follow-up of 12.2 months, ...