A model for evaluating interventions designed to reduce post-harvest fish losses (original) (raw)
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Assessing the economic impacts of post-harvest fisheries losses in Malawi
World Development Perspectives, 2020
This paper presents the findings from a qualitative and quantitative fisheries value chain and post-harvest loss study conducted in four Malawian lakes: Malawi, Malombe, Chilwa and Chiuta. The research found that the estimated total value of the fisheries value chain was US $454 million in 2016-or 7.2% of the projected 2017 GDP. This is over 2.5 times the previously reported (Government of Malawi, 2017) beach landing site value. The study found that 43%, 54% and 69% of fish have physical and quality losses at the beach, processing and marketing nodes, respectively. However, high quality loss is not proportionately affecting economic loss. The fisheries value chain experiences less than 10% annual economic losses mainly due to low pricing sensitivity of existing products. The overall economic losses are nine percent, being highest at the beach node (19.3%) and smallest at the market node (2.1%). The main reason for this unusual relationship is that pricing is not sensitive to quality, which means that almost all types of quality of product is sold resulting in a recorded relatively low overall physical loss of 4.1%. An important conclusion of the assessment is that even though the economic losses are relatively modest in relation to the total value, the quality losses, which range between 43% and 69% depending on the node, indicate that the potential for health impacts and nutritional value loss are high throughout the value chain. Value chain improvements are recommended to provide economic and nutritional benefits for end-users and value chain actors.
African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2020
Despite the crucial role played by Nile perch in the income of fishers around Lake Victoria, Tanzania, fishing pressure has increased in recent years and has led to overfishing and, consequently, a risk to the lake's future sustainability and the fishers' livelihoods. This study used data collected in 2018 from 268 randomly selected sample fishers at 10 landing sites across Lake Victoria. In conjunction with the endogenous switching regression model, the potential impact of Nile perch overfishing on the fishers' income per fishing trip in Lake Victoria was evaluated. The results show that there is a significant difference in the socioeconomic , institutional and fishing effort characteristics of Nile perch fishers who overfish and those who do not. In particular, Nile perch fishers who overfish earn significantly higher incomes per fishing trip than fishers who do not overfish. The study recommends the need for policy makers to develop policies that acknowledge the dynamics of socioeconomic , institutional and fishing effort factors. In addition, more flexible fish quota restrictions and consistent fishing patrols need to be enforced to ensure compliance with fishery regulations. These measures should promote a balance between the sustainability of fishery resources and an improved income for Nile perch fishers in Lake Victoria.
Post-harvest losses in the fisheries sector-facts, figures, challenges and strategies
International journal of fisheries and aquatic studies, 2022
Post-harvest loss in fisheries (PHFL) denotes the loss of harvested fish due to physical, quality and other unavoidable circumstances in the market. Here, the fish is being either discarded or disposed at a relatively inferior price. About 35% of the total harvest from world fisheries are subjected to PFHL annually. The detailed categorization of causes of PHFL include loss in nutritional value, physical damage, quality deterioration, economic/market force losses, loss due to traditional methods of processing, distribution and storage losses and insect contamination. The features that make the Indian fisheries and aquaculture as an important food producing sectors are, that it provides nutritional security, contributes to the agricultural productivity and engages about 14 million people in primary and secondary activities. India faces an annual post-harvest loss of ₹61,000 crores, which in turn results in huge deficits in the income of fishermen. This could be a probable reason for the sector that is yet to achieve a higher annual growth rate than that recorded in the recent years, which is only 7%. In this paper, we highlight the post-harvest loss relating to value chain-based assessment, economic loss assessment, food securitybased assessment and the impact of pandemics. The recognized tools used in the estimation of PHFL are informal fish loss assessment (IFLAM), load tracking method (LT) and questionnaire-based loss assessment (QLAM) method. There should be strategies such as developing standard package of practices, live fish marketing systems and capacity building programmes for fishermen and processors to minimize the PHFL.
Economic analysis of capture fishery: the case of Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia
2015
The study was conducted in Lake Babogaya found at Debre Zeit town. It is situated some 45 km in the south east of Addis Ababa with the objectives of generating some baseline information for the economic analysis of capture fishery. Fishing of Oreochromis niloticus was conducted for the period of September 2005 to August 2006 using gillnets of 10 centimeter mesh sizes. The gear was set in the afternoon (05:00 pm) and lifted in the following morning (7.00 am). Then immediately after capture some biological parameters of the fish as well as all inputs that involved in the activities were recorded. After these steps the fish were processed and sold for local markets. The price of fish was varied from 1-3 Birr/head depend on the demand of the product. The result indicated that the total income of the fish was varied between months and. the demand was high between March-April and August 2006. Hence, the study declared that, profitability of capture fishery of the lake was relay with demand of the product in the area.
Open Access Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, 2020
Following the exponentially increased demand for fishes, magnificent number of individuals are participated in various stages of capture fisheries in order to improve their livelihood. However, in Lake Tana fisheries, regulations related to gear restriction (fishing net and mesh size), destructive way of fishing, closing of spawning season and site, and amount of harvest are a loosely (almost not) regulated. This is attributed to weak institutions that have no incentives for fishers to manage efficiently in a way that maximized their present and future benefits. As a management framework, fishing gear restriction reduces the burden on the open access fishery and endangered species. On the other hand, ITQs encourage increased responsibility and accountability by quota owners for management and enhancement of the fishery resource. In this regard, ITQs is more efficient than gear restriction because of it creates sense of ownership and its flexibility in providing stable and profitable market.
Global Business Review, 2018
Determination of fish landing price is important, as the same contributes to the structure, conduct and performance of the fish market in Lake Victoria. Determination of relevant landing price is a gap to console between fishermen, agents (middlemen), processors and the government. The main objective of this study was therefore to examine fish price determination. Specifically, to examine the methods for fish price determination and analyse factors that affect fish landing price in Lake Victoria, a cross-sectional design was employed, and 300 respondents were randomly selected from two district councils, namely, Sengerema and Buchosa. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Findings show that landing price is determined through formal negotiation with processors, consultation with other traders, informal negotiation with buyers and Beach Management Unit (BMU). The study concluded that these are the common methods used to determine landing prices. Also, distance from fishing to onshore landing centres, market information channels, age and experiences of the fishermen are the factors significantly found affecting landing price. It is recommended that the mechanism for setting up fishery price, fish market structure, fishery information and the formation of fishery regulatory body needs fishery policy and sector reforms that mark the determination of fish landing price. Keywords Fish price mechanisms, landing prices, artisanal fishing, price determination Global Business Review Guillotreau (2015) employed different approaches to ascertain factors that constitute fish prices. These studies were limited to specific species, whereas to some other fish species, the same leave inconclusive remarks on landing price. Landing price is a price of fish valued based on factors such as fish size, days spent on storage, storage vessels, fish grades and distance to landing centres before reaching the primary buyers. There are other factors such as the number of buyers, sellers and management facilities that determine the price and quantities sold which contribute to the determination of fish price among fishermen within the sector (Janssen, Zhou, & Söderberg, 2001). However, in the fishery sector, fishing activities in Lake Victoria have been reported as one of the sources of income contributing to the well-being among fishermen (Luomba, 2013). The contribution is in part played to bring about achievement or helping something to advance (English Oxford Living Dictionaries, 2016). Moreover, in Tanzania, the fishery sector contributes 2.5 per cent of the real GDP (BOT, 2017) and employs more than 4,000,000 people in related activities. Africa's fishery output stood at US$24 billion out of US$235 billion of world fishery outputs in 2011 (FAO, 2014; Phillips & Subasinghe, 2010). According to Kambewa (2007), fishermen are individuals who have fishing and trading experience ranging between and equal to 2 years and above, pursuing fishing activities as the main income-contributing source. Following substantial contribution of the fishery industry to the economy, the Tanzanian government facilitated the construction of marketing centres. It facilitated installation of ice plants, refrigeration cold storage for fish, provision of vehicles and rehabilitation of fish markets in 20 centres surrounding Lake Victoria to enhance the market and influence better price (URT, 2014b). According to Hou and Westbrook (2014) the market enables fishermen to identify, communicate and maintain contact with buyers at a right price, thus attaining better per capital income. Besides construction of marketing centres, the government has also made some effort to ensure fishery sustainable markets in Lake Victoria (Roangead, 2013). Despite the efforts on improvement of facilities, market centres and landing sites for market accessibility, fish selling price is associated with uncertainties. According to Kambewa (2007), these uncertainties were assumed due to methods used to set landing price. These may be through contractual arrangements enforced by agents, negotiations in price but dominated by buyers, catch volume and the type of buyer who basically contributes to the determination of fish market price. Market price is given as a function of tangible, intangible and other outside influencing factors. These factors also have a significant relation with income including price (Chandrashekar, 2014; Janssen et al., 2001; Monson, 2009; Phillips & Subasinghe, 2010). Given that there are various market prices, the focus of this study is the landing price/ ex-vessel price. Studies focused on other market prices only and leave the determination of fish landing price in Lake Victoria inconclusively. There is lack of evidence on how the fishermen-buyer relationship and other market features determine landing price in Lake Victoria which may contribute to policy for improving the well-being of fishermen. The landing price appears to be associated with the agent's exploitation of fishermen, imbalance of negotiation power, limited access to production facilities, idiosyncratic preferences, lack of improved skills, use of latest technology, inadequate access to fishermen and control of assets. These are challenges which hinder meeting the best landing price among the fishermen (Kambewa, 2007; Luomba, 2013). Further, fishermen were looking for profitable contractual arrangements, and these arrangements have been influenced by illiteracy, uncertainty of selling price, volume of catch, the type of buyer and loans (Mpenda, 2010; Sharma & Biswas, 2018). Moreover, studies rarely say that landing price is determined by fish quality characters which may also be exploited by the agent to set the price of that fish (Roheim, Gardiner, & Asche, 2007). Furthermore, Henson and Mitullah (2003) argue that these prices were low, such that about 16 per cent of the regional income distribution came from fishermen due to low paid price, thus leading to low
The Lake Victoria dagaa constitutes over 38% of the total fish landings from Lake Victoria in Tanzania. The fishery supports a major artisanal fishery in the country, ranking second to the Nile perch in Tanzania. However, the dagaa fishery is associated with high level of postharvest loss (physical and quality losses) approximately 59%. The overall objective of this study was to propose cost effective management strategy to reduce dagaa post-harvest loss in Tanzania. To meet this objective a cost and benefit analysis was done, to determine whether adopting drying dagaa on racks project will reduce post-harvest loss, and hold positive public value in the future. Two categories of analysis were set i.e. private (individual) and public (Government) for a pilot district (500 fishers), the analyses were divided into five parts: 1). Assessment of all possible dagaa post-harvest losses, 2). Assessment of the cost of reducing the losses, 3). Assessment of the anticipated benefits associated with reducing the losses, 4). Evaluation of costs and benefits to determine net benefit and NPV, 5). A sensitivity analysis. From the analysis it was found that, drying racks project has positive NPV therefore it is worthwhile to be implemented in Tanzania to reduce dagaa post-harvest loss. Also sensitivity analysis indicated that NPV is sensitive and is likely to be affected by changes in sales price, while changes in investment and implementation cost were found to have no impact on NPV. By using drying racks productivity will be increased and provide sustainable livelihood to fishers and as well as increase regional trade and foreign exchange earnings to the government.
Agriculture & Food Security, 2017
Background: Fish are perishable and hence susceptible to high post-harvest losses. Post-harvest losses in fisheries include material losses of fish due to spoilage, breakage, size, discarding of by-catches and operational losses. This research was conducted to propose a management strategy to reduce post-harvest losses suffered by Tekeze dam and Lake Hashenge fishery associations. Methods: This research was conducted in Tekeze dam and Lake Hashenge fishery associations. The data were collected from primary and secondary quantifiable information on post-harvest losses. A total of eight official associations were surveyed during the study period. Results: Each of these associations was found to own at least a refrigerator and a boat with (7.67 ± 3.82) nets. The mean (±SD) number of refrigerators owned at present is (11.13 ± 10.09), and 94.9% of the respondents involved in the study were males. Fish loss and yield per year of the associations showed a positive strong significant correlation (r = 0.948, df = 6, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Physical loss was the most common loss observed causing high economic loss. Improvement of facilities from the point of production until it reaches the consumer is vital, and fish must be stored and distributed under chilled temperature conditions.
The Lost Coin: Redefining the economic and financial value of small-scale fisheries, the case of Lake Victoria, Kenya, 2021
Whereas small-scale fisheries account for the largest proportion of fish catches and employment in most developing countries, their value remain underestimated due to inadequate data collection systems, open access challenges and unreported landings. This study provided a methodological option to compare, contrast and validate official fisheries statistics in small-scale fisheries of Lake Victoria, Kenya. A standardized Fishing Business Model (FBM) was applied to reconstruct estimates of economic returns from Lake Victoria fisheries; taking into account fish auto-consumption, post-harvest losses and landings from illegal gears which are often missing in the official estimates. Primary data was collected using electronic questionnaires in various fish landing sites in July 2020 while secondary data was sourced from latest surveys on fish stocks, catches and fishing effort in the lake. Results indicate that fish catches amounted to 151,002 mt (Sd = 1767.0), which implies 1.6 times the official estimates, and that Total annual Fishing Revenue (TFR) was USD 297, 172, 579.39 (Sd = 2,674,359.0) which was 1.9 times higher than published statistics. Further, a small-scale fisher was found to earn a daily wage of USD 17.6, inclusive of the value of auto-consumption, under-sized fish and other unsold catch which are usually unreported. We recommend a review of official fisheries statistics in order to correct undervaluation in small-scale fisheries and to readjust the management cost recovery and revenue allocation framework in the fisheries sub-sector. This study thus makes a valuable contribution to literature on income and cost analysis for different fishing enterprises in small-scale fisheries.
Effects of Fish Attributes on Landing Price in Selected Districts Along Lake Victoria, Tanzania
2020
Studies around Lake Victoria documented various challenges hindering higher landing prices among artisanal fishers associated with varying attributes of fish. However, determination of the effects of fish attributes on landing price, which is potential to the wellbeing of fishermen, remains undisclosed during the landing of the fish harvest to the landing sites. This paper employed cross-section data from 300 fishermen to examine the effects of fish attributes on fish prices of the selected fish species. In contrast to the approach of previous studies, the analysis in this study applied the Log-linear multiple regression model and made an auxiliary step with hedonic price function. The empirical analysis demonstrated that freshness in the Islands, onshore Island markets, preserving methods, fish size, weighted measures, and freshness of fish at Mainland were statistically significant fish attributes at α = 0.05 level, affecting fish species landing price. These findings will contrib...