A nationwide investigation of CPR courses, books, and skill retention (original) (raw)
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Education in Resuscitation: An ILCOR Symposium: Utstein Abbey: Stavanger, Norway: June 22-24, 2001
Circulation, 2003
The value of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been well defined by studies in many countries and communities. Randomized clinical trials are inappropriate in this setting and cannot accurately determine the degree of benefit conferred, but observational data from 17 papers published before 1991 1 and 2 nationwide studies since that time 2,3 suggest that the odds ratio for improved survival of victims of collapse is Ϸ2.5. This benefit is achieved principally by extending the period for which defibrillation can be successful in cases of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. These are not grounds for complacency, however. Even in countries or areas where emergency services are well developed, most victims of cardiac arrest do not receive bystander CPR, and when it is given, the quality is generally far from ideal. The need, therefore, is not only for more CPR but also for better-quality CPR. Both skills acquisition and skills retention have been shown to be poor after conventional training in CPR for laypersons. The reasons are manifold. The necessary psychomotor skills for current courses are complex and demanding, an issue of particular importance because in many countries the average student is usually older than 50 years of age. Course curricula and instructor training are generally poorly adapted to the needs of course participants, and few instructors have been trained to teach. In addition, instructors frequently digress from the planned script (telling anecdotes and providing other irrelevant material), do not allow sufficient time for practice, and provide poor supervision and feedback. This is not a criticism of individual instructors but rather of the methods that have developed as a response to a perceived need but without consideration or knowledge of educational principles, clear objectives, appropriate formats, or agreed-on methods of evaluation and audit. Unexpected cardiac arrest is a major cause of premature death in industrialized countries. 4 The potential value of bystander CPR, which can reduce mortality by one half in appropriate settings, 1 is therefore of considerable importance. Yet in most countries, little effort has been given to making CPR a universal skill. The major efforts that have been made have largely come through voluntary organizations rather than government or healthcare agencies. Survival rates for unexpected cardiac arrest depend not only on the quality of the education given to potential caregivers but also on the validity of treatment guidelines and The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on September 16, 2003. A single reprint is available by calling 800-242-8721
CPR Education in the Modern Age
Researchgate, 2019
Abstract CPR Education in the Modern Age Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving procedure, when applied properly. Since its inception in 1967, the education of the public in the proper application of this vital technique has been hampered by a lack of qualitative tools to measure the compression, decompression and frequency of the procedure as it is applied. Today, new tools are available to provide this qualitative analysis to help average citizens receive the appropriate training in CPR and to convert data collected during the training to qualitative data. This data can be stored for later review and research or transmitted through the web for comparison and company evaluation of training accuracy and effectiveness. These new tools will move CPR education closer to the goal of the American Heart Association, as stated in the American Heart Association Consensus statement of 2013, to “…develop industry standards for interoperable raw data downloads and reporting electronic data collected during resuscitation for both quality improvement and research.”
Multi-Community Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education by Medical Students
Cureus, 2020
Introduction One purpose of the hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HOCPR) program is to simplify CPR instruction to encourage more bystanders to take action during cardiac arrest. Although the program has been successfully implemented in traditional classroom settings, the utility of large-scale training events has not been well-explored. We hypothesized that CPR knowledge and comfort levels would increase through a large-scale, multi-community HOCPR training event. We also explored what effect this training event had on perceived barriers to bystanderperformed CPR. Methods A convenience sample participated in HOCPR training on a single day across 10 Texas cities. A sub-sample completed training questionnaires, including a five-item CPR pre-and post-test. A follow-up questionnaire was conducted two years after the event. The primary outcome of interest was the difference in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge and comfort level between pre-and post-event questionnaires. Demographic contributions were also assessed. Results A total of 4,253 participants were trained, 1,416 were enrolled upon submitting matching preand post-event questionnaires, and 101 (14%) submitted follow-up questionnaires. Mean knowledge scores increased from pre-training (2.7 ± 1.6 standard deviation (SD)) to posttraining (4.7 ± 0.76 SD) (p < 0.001). Follow-up test scores (3.8 ± 1.1 SD) remained higher than pre-test scores (p < 0.001). Comfort with HOCPR increased from 59% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56-61) to 96% (95% CI 95-97). Pre-and post-knowledge scores differed significantly by education level (p < 0.001), ethnicity (p < 0.001), and income (p < 0.001). Education contributed significantly to comfort at both pre-(p = 0.015) and post-training (p = 0.026), but ethnicity and income did not. Before training, the most common barrier to performing CPR was lack of knowledge 59% (95% CI 55-62); after training, the most common barrier was fear of causing harm 34% (95% CI 29-40). Conclusions
Resuscitation, 2011
The primary purpose of this study was to compare two, shorter, self-directed methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education for healthcare professionals (HCP) to traditional training with a focus on the trainee's ability to perform two-person CPR.First-year medical students with either no prior CPR for HCP experience or prior training greater than 5 years were randomized to complete one of three courses: 1) HeartCode BLS System, 2) BLS Anytime, or 3) Traditional training. Only data from the adult CPR skills testing station was reviewed via video recording by certified CPR instructors and the Laerdal PC Skill Reporter software program (Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway).There were 180 first-year medical students who met inclusion criteria: 68 were HeartCode BLS System, 53 BLS Anytime group, and 59 traditional group Regarding two-person CPR, 57 (84%) of Heartcode BLS students and 43 (81%) of BLS Anytime students were able to initiate the switch compared to 39 (66%) of traditional course students (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in the quality of chest compressions or ventilations between the three groups. There was a trend for a much higher CPR skills testing pass rate for the traditional course students. However, failure to “clear to analyze or shock” while using the AED was the most common reason for failure in all groups.The self-directed learning groups not only had a high level of success in initiating the “switch” to two-person CPR, but were not significantly different from students who completed traditional training.
Education in Medicine Journal, 2023
Immediate resuscitation is crucial for the survival of a patient with cardiac arrest. Research has suggested that self-led bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is significantly associated with favourable neurological outcomes for patients. Furthermore, medical students play an important role in providing public CPR training to the community. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a CPR training programmes and a public training event on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competency towards CPR among medical students. The quasi-experimental study was conducted among the medical students in clinical years studying at a private medical institution in Malaysia. The intervention group received CPR training for two sessions and participated as trainers in a community-training event; the control group was excluded from these activities. A total of 106 students (intervention group, n = 51; control group, n = 55) participated in this study. The total knowledge score (
2021
Background: Nearly 90% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients are witnessed, yet only 2.3% received bystander CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine retention of knowledge and skills of Hands-Only CPR among community participants in early recognition of OHCA and initiation of CPR in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: The pre and post-tests were conducted among participants from diverse non-health-related backgrounds from July 2018 to October 2019. Participants were tested for knowledge and skills of CPR before training (pre-test), immediately after training (post-test), and six months after training (retention test). All the participants received CPR training through video and scenario-based demonstration using manikins. Post-training CPR skills of the participants were assessed using a pre-defined performance checklist. The evaluator read out numerous case scenarios to the participants, such as drowning, poisoning, and road traffic injuries...
Comparison of two training programmes on paramedic-delivered CPR performance
Emergency Medicine Journal, 2015
Objective To compare CPR performance in two groups of paramedics who received CPR training from two different CPR training programmes. Methods Conducted in June 2014 at the Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service, the national ambulance service of the State of Qatar, the CPR performances of 149 new paramedic recruits were evaluated after they had received training from either a traditional CPR programme or a tailored CPR programme. Both programmes taught the same content but differed in the way in which this content was delivered to learners. Exclusive to the tailored programme was mandatory precourse work, continuous assessments, a locally developed CPR instructional video and pedagogical activities tailored to the background education and learner style preferences of paramedics. At the end of each respective training programme, a single examiner who was blinded to the type of training paramedics had received, rated them as competent or non-competent on basic life support skills, condition specific skills, specific overall skills and non-technical skills during a simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) assessment. Results Paramedics who received CPR training with the tailored programme were rated competent 70.9% of the time, compared with paramedics who attended the traditional programme and who achieved this rating 7.9% of the time (p<0.001). Specific improvements were seen in the time required to detect cardiac arrest, chest compression quality, and time to first monitored rhythm and delivered shock. Conclusions In an OHCA scenario, CPR performance rated as competent was significantly higher when training was received using a tailored CPR programme.