The 7 Up 7 Down Inventory: A 14-item measure of manic and depressive tendencies carved from the General Behavior Inventory (original) (raw)
Related papers
An investigation of the self-report manic inventory as a diagnostic and severity scale for mania
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1996
The initial study on the Self-Report Manic Inventory (SRMI} reported that it reliably diagnosed mania. In the current study, we replicated the initial study on the SRMI. We also evaluated its ability to quantify manic symptomatology and to measure change during inpatient treatment. The findings show that manic patients are capable of reporting their symptoms, regardless of their insight into their condition. They also confirm that the SRMI is a reliable diagnostic instrument and that it performs consistently over time when used with a 1-week time format. The SRMI is also sensitive to clinical improvement in hospitalized patients undergoing treatment. The SRMI correlated well with the Young Mania-Rating Scale (YMRS), which served as an external validator of SRMI scores at the beginning and end of hospitalization. Factor analysis produced two groups of manic subjects who closely resemble the hedonistic euphoric type and the energized dysphoric type initially reported by Shugar et al.
Comparative evaluation of two self-report mania rating scales
Biological Psychiatry, 1996
Inventory (SRMI), have been shown to reliably diagnose mania. In the current study we further evaluated the utility of these scales relative to each other and to the observer-rated Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), for quantifying the severity of manic/hypomanic symptoms cross-sectionally and over time, in 20 patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. The self-report scales correlated well with each other and with the YMRS, but each covered a somewhat different domain of the manic syndrome. The SRMI and the ISS were more sensitive than the YMRS to the mood fluctuations in the euthymic to hypomanic range observed in our subjects. Used in tandem, the two self-report scales may find application in clinical research with outpatients with bipolar disorder, and as an adjunct to clinical monitoring in this patient population.
Evaluating and Validating GBI Mania and Depression Short Forms for Self-Report of Mood Symptoms
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 2020
Objective: To evaluate short forms of free self-report mania and depression scales, evaluating their reliability, content coverage, criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy. Method: Youths age 11 to 18 years seeking outpatient mental health services at either an Academic medical clinic (N=427) or urban Community mental health center (N=313), completed the General Behavior Inventory (GBI) and other rating scales. Youths and caregivers completed semi-structured interviews to establish diagnoses and mood symptom severity, with GBI scores masked during diagnosis. Ten-and sevenitem short forms, psychometric projections, and observed performance were tested first in the Academic sample and then externally cross-validated in the Community sample. Results: All short forms maintained high reliability (all alphas >.80 across both samples), high correlations with the full length scales (r .85 to .96), excellent convergent and discriminant validity with mood, behavior, and demographic criteria, and diagnostic accuracy undiminished compared to using the full length scales. Ten-item scales showed advantages in terms of coverage; the 7 Up showed slightly weaker performance. Conclusions: Present analyses evaluated and externally cross-validated short forms that maintain high reliability and content coverage, and show strong criterion validity and diagnostic accuracy-even when used in an independent sample with very different demographics and referral patterns. The short forms appear useful in clinical applications including initial evaluation, as well as in research settings where they offer an inexpensive quantitative score. Short forms are available in more than two dozen languages. Future work should further evaluate sensitivity to treatment effects and cultural invariance.
Objective: The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Young Mania Rating Scale. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 65 patients with bipolar I disorder in the manic phase and 145 healthy individuals. The patients were selected from the Razi Psychiatric Hospital and Taleghani Hospital, while the controls were selected from the general population of Tehran, using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and analyzed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-24. Results: Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the YMRS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.72 indicated the acceptable reliability of YMRS. The cutoff point, sensitivity, and specificity of the YMRS were found to be 12.5, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion: According to the study results, YMRS showed adequate psychometric properties in the Iranian population. Therefore, it can be considered as a valuable instrument in screening patients with bipolar disorder in the manic phase.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2003
Objective: An alternative to the categorical classification of psychiatric diseases is the dimensional study of the signs and symptoms of psychiatric syndromes. To date, there have been few reports about the dimensions of mania, and the existence of a depressive dimension in mania remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of manic disorder by using classical scales to study the signs and symptoms of affective disorders. Methods: One-hundred and three consecutively admitted inpatients who met DSM IV criteria for bipolar disorder, manic or mixed were rated with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21). A principal components factor analysis of the HDRS-21 and the YMRS was carried out. Results: Factor analysis showed five independent and clinically interpretable factors corresponding to depression, dysphoria, hedonism, psychosis and activation. The distribution of factor scores on the depressive factor was bimodal, whereas it was unimodal on the dysphoric, hedonism and activation factors. Finally, the psychosis factor was not normally distributed. Limitations: Patients of the sample were all medicated inpatients. Conclusions: Mania seems to be composed of three core dimensions, i.e. hedonism, dysphoria and activation, and is frequently accompanied by a psychotic and a depressive factor. The existence of a depressive factor suggests that it is essential to evaluate depression during mania, and the distribution of the depressive factor supports the existence of two different states in mania.
The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale
Biological Psychiatry, 1997
We report on the development, reliability, and validi O, of the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM). The ASRM was completed during medication washout and after treatment by 22 schizophrenic, 13 schizoaffective, 36 depressed, and 34 manic patients. The Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M) and Mania Rating Scale (MRS) were completed at the same time to measure concurrent validi~'. Test-retest reliabili~' was assessed separately on 20 depressed and ]0 manic" patients who completed the ASRM twice during washout. Principal components analysis of ASRM items revealed three .factors." mania, psychotic symptoms, and irritability. Baseline mania subscale scores were significantly higher for manic patients compared to all other diagnostic groups. Manic patients had significantly decreased posttreatment scores for all three subscales. ASRM mania subscale scores were significantly correlated with MRS total scores (r := . 718) and CARS-M mania subscale scores (r = .766). Test-retest reliability for the ASRM was significant for all three subscales. Significant differences in severi~' levels were fi)und fi)r some symptoms between patient ratings on the ASRM and clinician ratings on the CARS-M. Mania subscale scores of greater than 5 on the ASRM resulted in values of 85.5% fbr sensitivity and 87.3%for specificity. Advantages of the ASRM over other self-rating mania scales are discussed.
Reliability and validity of a Portuguese version of the Young Mania Rating Scale
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2005
The reliability and validity of a Portuguese version of the Young Mania Rating Scale were evaluated. The original scale was translated into and adapted to Portuguese by the authors. Definitions of clinical manifestations, a semi-structured anchored interview and more explicit rating criteria were added to the scale. Fifty-five adult subjects, aged 18 to 60 years, with a diagnosis of Current Manic Episode according to DSM-III-R criteria were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale as well as the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in two sessions held at intervals from 7 to 10 days. Good reliability ratings were obtained, with intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.97 for total scores, and levels of agreement above 0.80 (P < 0.001) for all individual items. Internal consistency analysis resulted in an α = 0.67 for the scale as a whole, and an α = 0.72 for each standardized item (P < 0.001). For the concurrent validity, a correlation of 0.78 was obtained by the Pearson coefficient between the total scores of the Young Mania Rating Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The results are similar to those reported for the English version, indicating that the Portuguese version of the scale constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of manic patients.
Measurement of mania and depression
2011
Background: In psychiatry, the assessment of symptom severity is being increasingly assisted by rating scales, in clinical practice as well as in research and quality control. Transforming the subjective symptoms of psychiatric disorders into valid numerical measures is subjected to numerous confounding factors. Careful evaluation of rating scales is therefore essential. This doctoral project arose from a clinical need for a useful self-rating scale for affective symptoms at an outpatient clinic for affective disorders. No existing rating scales fulfilling the clinical need were found in the literature. Aims: The aims of the doctoral project were to develop and evaluate a self rating scale for measurement of severity in depressive, manic and mixed affective states and to explore if Item Response Theory (IRT) is useful for evaluation and improvement of rating scales for mania and depression. A further aim was to investigate if Randomized Controlled Studies of Antidepressants (RCT-ADs...
Psychometric Properties of Bangla Young Mania Rating Scale
The Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Introduction: The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) is widely used clinician-rated instrument which measures the symptom severity of mania and considered as ʺgold standardʺ. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of Bangla YMRS. Methods: Current validation study was performed from January 2015 to September 2016 among patients of mania of department of psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. The adaptation of YMRS to Bangla was achieved according to the standard process of forward-backward translation. Data were collected from 51 manic patients and analyzed different forms of reliability and validity by Statistical Package for the Social Science version 16.0 software. Results: The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89 and interrater reliability was measured by Cohen kappa coefficient and ranged from 0.80 to 0.98 those signifies an acceptable reliability statistic. Face validity and content validity were assessed systematically and construct validity was ...
Dimensions of self-rated mood in depressed, manic, and normal subjects
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2001
Self-rated scales allow the comparison of subjective mood across the spectrum of manic, depressive, and euthymic states. This study examined the self-reported mood of manic, depressed, and normal subjects using a 23-item research instrument based on the Carroll-Klein model of bipolar disorder. The Multiple Visual Analog Scale (MVAS) measures the following dimensions: consummatory reward (seven items), incentive reward (two items), psychomotor speed (seven items), and central pain (seven items). The MVAS was completed by 31 manic inpatients, 43 depressed inpatients, and 29 normal volunteer subjects. Total scores, average item scores, and total dimension scores were obtained. Subjects also completed a global mood VAS and the Carroll Depression Scale (CDS). Groups were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni-Dunn methods. In a separate post hoc analysis, the group of manic patients was divided at the median CDS score into "pure" and "dysphoric" manic subgroups. We found excellent congruence of average 23-item total MVAS scores with global VAS and CDS scores. Dimension scores on the MVAS conformed to the predictions of the Carroll-Klein model. Depressed patients differed significantly from both manic and normal subjects on each dimension. MVAS dimension scores of normal subjects did not differ significantly from those of manic patients. On the dimension of central pain, normal subjects had significantly less inhibited scores than the "pure" subgroup of manics. The results confirmed that the dimensions of the Carroll-Klein model are bipolar and orthogonal. By the MVAS technique, the self-reported mood of normal subjects is similar to the self-reported mood of manic patients on all dimensions of the Carroll-Klein model of bipolar disorder. The positive scores of both groups are clearly distinguished from the negative scores of depressed patients. Average MVAS scores of normal subjects approximated the conventional zero score only on the dimension of central pain. Normal subjects exhibit megalothymic (hyperthymia) on most dimensions of subjective mood. The negative MVAS scores of depressed patients are even more deviant from normal than the conventional scoring system would suggest.