Towards the westernized body: a popular narrative reinforced by men's lifestyle magazines in Indonesia (original) (raw)

Inter-Asia Cultural Studies

This paper will spotlight changing views with regard to Indonesian men's body aesthetics. It will explore how, in response to discourse contained in lifestyle magazines, the physical bodies of Indonesian men have become the primary mechanism through which to exercise agency. However, many local Indonesian customs consider men's agency to be dependent upon their ability to control bodily desire. The paper aims to give an overview of how modernization and westernization as contemporary conditions in postcolonial Indonesia serve as the background to the narratives provided by men's lifestyle magazines. In order to provide an insight into how modern white narratives are valued in Indonesia, I will begin by examining the history of Dutch colonialism as a basis for racial classification. Proceeding, I will discuss how that history relates to contemporary practices of social stratification: the belief that being married to a westerner will bring perfection to one's descendants' genes; the trend of consuming special vitamins and formulas that will change particular parts of the body; and the assumption that having western genes will bring both success and wealth. Moreover, I will also discuss the ways in which the magazines define the "ideal" body, and how that "ideal" body thus becomes the hegemonic bodyone that functions as the gateway for men to achieve a good life.

White Bodies and Desire : Euro-American Women in Jakarta [ Running title : Mobility , White Bodies and Desire ]

2017

This paper illustrates how cultural logics of desire are being transformed in the context of the global economy refashioning intimate lives. Exploring the experiences of EuroAmerican female professionals in Jakarta, it suggests that they become uncomfortably visible as ‘white bodies’; their desirability appears compromised, especially given Orientalist discourses which valorise Asian women’s bodies. At the same time, women’s position as well-paid employees generates a contradictory logic of desire: the ‘ego-boost’ they experience at work may intensify their demands on the masculinity and enlightened views of potential partners, thus rendering Indonesian men, with their perceived bodily effeminacy and ‘traditional values’ unattractive. As one response to the lack of desirability, some women engage in a moral discourse that casts Indonesian women whom they consider ‘bargirls’, as well as the Euro-American men they attract, as morally deficient. The paper thus provides an alternative p...

Contesting the Female Body, Modernity and Globalization: A Closer Look on How the Feamle Body has been Used as a Symbolic Site of Contests about Globalization and Modernity in the Context of Indonesia

This article takes a look back in the 2006 when the Indonesian House of Representatives proposes a bill against pornography and porn action. It further examines the contested position of female body in Indonesia in the light of globalization. The article particularly argues that female body has become a symbolic contested site of globalization and modernity. In the era of the very rapid changes it seemed Indonesian government was struck by moral panic due to modernization and globalization which obviously have brought about changes in the fabrication of the society. They are worried of the decreasing belief of the society in the tradition as argued to be manifested in the changing of bodily presentation. However, such perception is gendered as they emphasize on the presentation of female body.

The Identity Politics of Masculinity as a Colonial Legacy

Journal of Intercultural Studies

Prior to Dutch colonization, there was a clear distinction between men and women in Indonesia. However, the hierarchical structure between these gender categories is part and parcel of the colonial legacy. Masculinity was first introduced in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period as a repudiation from femininity. This signaled a significant shift, as previously being modest and part of the community had been valued much more highly in Indonesian society than was individuality. By asking to what extent men's gender expectations are subject to the identity politics of masculinity, and to what extent this is reflected on Indonesian popular culture specifically men's lifestyle magazine, I intend to shed light on the incompatibility of the identity politics of masculinity with contemporary Indonesian men. Towards this goal, I analyse eight men's lifestyle magazines, for they play a key role in contemporary modern societies, exposing men to generalized notions of what it means to be a 'man'. Spanning the period from the earliest men's lifestyle magazines published in Indonesia in the mid-1970s until 2015, I map contemporary narratives of masculinity in Indonesian context as a reflection of the effects colonial ideologies continue to have on Indonesian society and the division of gender roles.

Liminal Masculinity: Narratives of Class and Sexuality in Post-authoritarian Indonesia

Journal of Intercultural Studies, 2019

In postauthoritarian Indonesia, the fragmentation of a collectively imagined future has generated ambivalent and contradictory ways of being and becoming a man. This article investigates this concern by drawing on interview and ethnographic data collected from young men aged 18 to 25 who engage in transactional sex in the capital city Jakarta. The narratives of these young men encourage an understanding that transactional sex is a choice linked to the cultivation of an appropriate form of masculinity. However, this understanding of transactional sex as a choice is complicated by mobility in two ways. First, geographical mobility involving migration is understood as a necessary aspect of becoming a man who is independent from family. Second, temporal mobility takes the shape of future aspirations to marry a woman and become a father, a powerful template for joining middle class society.

Consuming the Global: Transgender subjectivities and the body in Indonesia

The influence of transnational discourses on gendered subjectivities in Indonesia is clearly evident. Nowhere is this influence more visible, however, than in transgendered subjectivities. Waria (transgendered males) work as hairdressers, beauticians and fashion designers, and they participate in beauty pageants and aerobic competitions . Waria are increasingly undergoing cosmetic surgery to 'feminise' the body. However, the model of femininity which waria desire is not the local model (i.e. demure, reserved, body-covering clothing). Rather, waria almost parody Western femininity (i.e. outlandish behaviour, scant clothing, overtly sexual). This paper explores ways in which waria consume global gender culture and embody it, perform it, and recreate it. More specifically, I examine ways in which waria assert a unique gendered identity.

Contemporary Masculinities and Young Men in Indonesia

Indonesia and The Malay World, 2009

This article is on three kinds of contemporary young masculinities in Indonesia. Proceeding through a discussion of three composite profiles of young men assembled from fieldwork data, the argument is made that these three identifiable discourses of lived masculinity correspond to some dominant images of men circulating in the Indonesian media. Theoretically, these seem to be new or alternative constructions of masculinity, if considered against the men's studies literature. Yet there is evidence that these persuasive new forms of cultural leadership for young Indonesian men still constitute a configuration of hegemonic masculinity, even though the patriarchal bapak stereotype is challenged. It is concluded that young men in Indonesia are under various kinds of pressure: to become a good citizen and dependable provider for the family on the one hand, and on the other hand, to match the fantasy images of global 'hypermasculinity'-tough, hard and heroic. To a certain extent this applies in both the secular and religious domains.

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The History of Beauty Discourse in Indonesia

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Recent Language, Literature, and Local Culture Studies, BASA, 20-21 September 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia