SARS-CoV-2 and dentistry (original) (raw)
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F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature, 2020
CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. The analysis of 22 studies reveals that human coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus or endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) can persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62e71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05e0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread.
Viability of SARS-CoV-2 and Sanitization Methods
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Aerosol transmitted COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) is infectious causing both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. The viable COVID-19 virus transmission via air has occurred. Therefore, methods must be established to determine the viability of the virus and to disinfect it in air, surfaces, and on foodstuff. In this review article, we have discussed the pattern virus spread in bus, hospital, and cruise ship. The methods of reducing and eliminating the infection in household and public places have been suggested. The safety, efficacy, and phase 3 trials data published by major vaccine candidates Russian Gamaleya’s “Sputnik V”, Oxford University –AstraZeneca, CanSino Biologics, and Moderna Therapeutics have been included. The article is very useful to stop the COVID-19 pandemic spread and finally ending the pandemic.
SURVIVAL AND DISINFECTION OF SARS-COV-2 IN ENVIRONMENT AND CONTAMINATED SURFACE
The detection of SARS-Cov-2 in the sewage and water resources has increased the awareness among the people about the possibility survival of SARS-Cov-2 in the environment and the potential to transmit into the human through food chain or water resources. Moreover, the surface contaminated by the virus need to be disinfected frequently by using an effective disinfectant, the current chapter discussed the efficiency of the most traditional Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 June 2020 doi:10
Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents
Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. The analysis of 22 studies reveals that human coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus or endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) can persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62e71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05e0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread.
Sustainability
The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and water resources has been used as an indication for the possible occurrence of the virus among communities and for its potential of transmission among humans through the surrounding environment or water resources. In order to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, contaminated surfaces should be disinfected frequently by using an effective disinfectant. The present review discusses a bibliometric analysis of the global SARS-CoV-2 research and focuses mainly on reviewing the efficiency of the most traditional disinfection technologies. The disinfection methods reviewed include those for hospitals’ or medical facilities’ wastewater, contaminated surfaces, and contaminated masks. The elimination of the virus based on the concept of sterility assurance level (SAL) is also discussed. In addition, the chemical disinfectants that are currently used, as well as their temporary efficiency, are also reviewed. The different technologies that are globally...
Exploring What Lies Ahead in the Field of Disinfecting Coronavirus
Open Access Library Journal, 2021
Recently, huge awareness has been accorded to potential circulation of SARS-CoV-2 through water systems. This work deals with this problem and researches the behavior of coronaviruses (CoVs) in water media, with specific interest on the new data on the fresh SARS-CoV-2. The examination of the natural persistence of CoVs and the performance of the disinfection technologies are also discussed. All CoVs have a restricted stability in water media: 2-5 days in tap water and 2-6 days in wastewater were judged enough for 2-log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titer. SARS-CoV-2 is distinguished by a weak construction and is vulnerable to traditional disinfection technologies that have been demonstrated to be very efficient in their neutralization. Approximately 5 min of exposure to sodium hypochlorite (1%), ethanol (70%), iodine (7.5%), soap solution and additional usual disinfectants was enough for reaching 7-8-log of SARS-CoV-2 titer decrease. Thermal treatment is efficacious in SARS-CoV-2 demobilization: 30 min at 56 or 5 min at 70˚C were enough for attaining the total depletion of the infectivity. Further, SARS-CoV-2 remains vulnerable to sunlight and quickly demobilized by UV radiation. UV-C at 254 nm and intensity of 2.2 mW/cm 2 yields 3-log of SARS-CoV-2 titer decrease in less than 3 s of application. Consequently for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, usual injections of killing agents remain required for sanitation and for wastewater treatment. Relating to controlling CoVs diffusion and applying disinfection technologies, vigilance remains essential.
Virucidal efficacy of different formulations for hand and surface disinfection targeting SARS CoV-2
2020
In the ongoing SARS CoV-2 pandemic effective measures are needed, and guidance based on the methodological framework of the European committee for standardization (CEN) can help to choose effective disinfectants on an immediate basis. This study demonstrates that two commercially available formulations for surface disinfection and one formulation for hand disinfection claiming “virucidal activity against enveloped viruses” are effectively inactivating SARS-CoV-2. This study emphasizes that chemical disinfectants claiming “virucidal activity against enveloped viruses” are an effective choice to target enveloped SARS-CoV-2 as a preventive measure.
Which Are the Main Surface Disinfection Approaches at the Time of SARS-CoV-2?
Frontiers in chemical engineering, 2021
Among many guidelines issued by the World Health Organization to prevent contagion from novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), disinfection of animate and inanimate surfaces has emerged as a key issue. One effective approach to prevent its propagation can be achieved by disinfecting air, skin, or surfaces. A thorough and rational application of an Environmental Protection Agent for disinfection of surfaces, as well as a good personal hygiene, including cleaning hands with appropriate products (e.g., 60-90% alcohol-based product) should minimize transmission of viral respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Critical issues, associated with the potential health hazard of chemical disinfectants and the ineffective duration of most of the treatments, have fostered the introduction of innovative and alternative disinfection approaches. The present review aims to provide an outline of methods currently used for inanimate surface disinfection with a look to the future and a focus on the development of innovative and effective disinfection approaches (e.g., metal nanoparticles, photocatalysis, self-cleaning, and self-disinfection) with particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. The research reviews are, usually, focused on a specific category of disinfection methods, and therefore they are limited. On the contrary, a panoramic review with a wider focus, as the one here proposed, can be an added value for operators in the sector and generally for the scientific community.
Frontiers in Chemical Engineering , 2021
The novel coronavirus designated as SARS-CoV-2 has risen the first pandemic caused by coronavirus and by November 26, 2020 is responsible for more than 1,410 million deaths. This scenario evidences that despite previous pandemics and epidemics in the world's history, the current worldwide measures to contain and to mitigate viruses' outbreaks are still disabled and insufficient. Therefore, this perspective reinforces the need for new and practical approaches for antiviral material developments and presents current technologies and its advances in this field of research focusing especially in surface materials since it is one of the most common interaction pathways. Furthermore, the roll that nanotechnology has been playing in the combat of viruses as well as the mechanisms that science has been discovering to inactivate these pathogenic microorganisms is presented. Finally, we suggest introducing new legislation and norms rather more specified on virucidal agents (materials and devices) than bactericidal ones in human environments such as hospitals, nursing homes, buses, and shopping centers to mitigate the current and future virus-based pandemics and epidemics.