Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production - Final Report (original) (raw)
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Photoelectrochemical water splitting: An ideal technique for pure hydrogen production
2020
Department of Chemical Engineering, MBM Engineering College, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342 011,<br> Rajasthan, India<br> E-mail: nitu84.jalore@gmail.com, dr.sushilsaraswat@gmail.com<br> Manuscript received online 20 March 2020, accepted 12 June 2020 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is one of the promising process to generate hydrogen in an easier and sustainable<br> way. Hydrogen production through PEC provides a green and sustainable source of energy and addresses the solar intermittency<br> problem. While considerable efforts have been made over the past several decades but till date, there is no solar<br> water splitting materials that simultaneously fulfills the high efficiency, long-term stability and low cost. In PEC, the semiconductor<br> materials must exhibit sufficient voltage on irradiation to split water, long-term stability against corrosion in the aqueous<br> electrolyte and the band edge potentials at...
Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 2016
To meet the future energy demand, Hydrogen has been accepted as a fuel for future. Out of several renewable methods to produce hydrogen, solar assisted splitting of water (Photoelectrochemical splitting of water) is emerging as a most desired method to produce hydrogen which is a advancement of Photovoltaic process. However, the efficiency of PEC cell is a matter of concern. Various strategies have been adopted by different researchers to increase the efficiency of the system especially using nanotechnology as a tool. In this article, attempts have been made to summarise different approaches applied to obtain effective and viable photoelectrochemical system for splitting water to obtain hydrogen an energy carrier.
Decoupled photoelectrochemical water splitting system for centralized hydrogen production
2020
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers an elegant approach for solar energy conversion into hydrogen fuel. Large-scale hydrogen production requires stable and efficient photoelectrodes and scalable PEC cells that are fitted for safe and cost-effective operation. One of the greatest challenges is the collection of hydrogen gas from millions of PEC cells distributed in the solar field. In this work, a separate-cell PEC system with decoupled hydrogen and oxygen cells was designed for centralized hydrogen production, using 100 cm2 hematite (a-Fe2O3) photoanodes and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) / oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) electrodes as redox mediators. The operating conditions of the system components and their configuration were optimized for daily cycles, and ten 8.3 h cycles were carried out under solar simulated illumination without additional bias at an average short-circuit current of 55.2 mA. These results demonstrate successful operation of a decoupled PEC water splitting sys...
In this study, we conceptually develop and thermodynamically analyze a new continuoustype hybrid system for hydrogen production which photoelectrochemically splits water and performs chloralkali electrolysis. The system has a potential to produce hydrogen efficiently, at low cost, and in an environmentally benign way by maximizing the utilized solar spectrum and converting the byproducts into useful industrial commodities.
Photoelectrochemical water splitting in separate oxygen and hydrogen cells
Nature materials, 2017
Solar water splitting provides a promising path for sustainable hydrogen production and solar energy storage. One of the greatest challenges towards large-scale utilization of this technology is reducing the hydrogen production cost. The conventional electrolyser architecture, where hydrogen and oxygen are co-produced in the same cell, gives rise to critical challenges in photoelectrochemical water splitting cells that directly convert solar energy and water to hydrogen. Here we overcome these challenges by separating the hydrogen and oxygen cells. The ion exchange in our cells is mediated by auxiliary electrodes, and the cells are connected to each other only by metal wires, enabling centralized hydrogen production. We demonstrate hydrogen generation in separate cells with solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 7.5%, which can readily surpass 10% using standard commercial components. A basic cost comparison shows that our approach is competitive with conventional photoelectroch...
Experimental investigation and analysis of a hybrid photoelectrochemical hydrogen production system
In this paper, we present both experimental investigation and thermodynamic evaluation of a hybrid chloralkali-photoelectrochemical system built at Clean Energy Research Laboratory of the University of Ontario Institute of Technology. The present hybrid system essentially produces hydrogen via water splitting reaction and converts the byeproducts into useful industrial products, namely chlorine and sodium hydroxide. More importantly, this hybrid system maximizes the utilized solar spectrum by combining photochemical and electrochemical processes. The system is tested at four different temperatures (20, 40, 60, and 80 C) and three different light settings (no light, 600 W/m 2 , and 1200 W/m 2). The results show that the reactor responds to the light by generating photocurrent. The hydrogen production rate increases with increasing temperature and light intensity. Under no light conditions at 20 C, the present system produces about 145 mL/h hydrogen with energy and exergy efficiencies of 25.4% and 18.76%, respectively. At 80 C under 1200 W/m 2 irradiation, the same system generates 295 mL/h hydrogen with energy and exergy effi-ciencies of 19.6% and 13.72%, respectively.
Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. Materials-related aspects
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2002
The present work considers hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. The work is focused on the materials-related issues in the development of high-e ciency photo-electrochemical cells (PECs). The property requirements for photo-electrodes, in terms of semiconducting and electrochemical properties and their impact on the performance of PECs, are outlined. Di erent types of PECs are overviewed and the impact of the PEC structure and materials selection on the conversion e ciency of solar energy are considered.
Photoelectrochemical solar water splitting: From basic principles to advanced devices
Veruscript Functional Nanomaterials, 2018
Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC) offers a promising path for sustainable generation of hydrogen fuel. However, improving solar fuel water splitting efficiency facing tremendous challenges, due to the energy loss related to fast recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers, electrode degradation, as well as limited light harvesting. This review focuses on the brief introduction of basic fundamental of PEC water splitting and the concept of various types of water splitting approaches. Numerous engineering strategies for the investgating of the higher efficiency of the PEC, including charge separation, light harvesting, and co-catalysts doping, have been discussed. Moreover, recent remarkable progress and developments for PEC water splitting with some promising materials are discussed. Recent advanced applications of PEC are also reviewed. Finally, the review concludes with a summary and future outlook of this hot field.
Photoelectrochemical water splitting: an idea heading towards obsolescence?
Energy & Environmental Science, 2018
The production of hydrogen from water and sunlight is a way to address the intermittency in renewable energy production, while simultaneously generating a versatile fuel and a valuable chemical feedstock. All approaches to solar hydrogen are, however, no equally promising.