The school setting: an opportunity for the implementation of dietary guidelines (original) (raw)
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British Journal of Nutrition, 2010
The objective of the present review was to summarise the existing European published and ‘grey’ literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions to promote a healthy diet in children (6–12 years old) and adolescents (13–18 years old). Eight electronic databases, websites and contents of key journals were systematically searched, reference lists were screened, and authors and experts in the field were contacted for studies evaluating school-based interventions promoting a healthy diet and aiming at primary prevention of obesity. The studies were included if they were published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2007 and reported effects on dietary behaviour or on anthropometrics. Finally, forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria: twenty-nine in children and thirteen in adolescents. In children, strong evidence of effect was found for multicomponent interventions on fruit and vegetable intakes. Limited evidence of effect was found for educational interventions on ...
HEALTHY EATING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IN EUROPE A school-based nutrition education guide
2000
The guide intends to encourage the further development of nutrition education in European schools. It intends to do this by placing nutrition education within the idea of the health-promoting school and by providing a framework for nutrition education in the health-promoting school. The framework provides objectives for nutrition education for four age groups from 4 to 16 years old under seven topic headings. There are also objectives for the whole school and for work with families and the community. This guide also provides case studies from various countries outlining innovative and interesting ways of doing nutrition education. Ways of evaluating nutrition education in the health-promoting school are suggested and active methods recommended. In addition, supporting material is provided that describes what is happening in Europe in the school systems of various countries and in food and eating styles. The guide is divided into four sections: getting started, a description of and g...
Food Service Technology, 2005
Changes in the eating habits of young people in Europe and the resulting growth in obesity and overweight are giving cause for concern. The Council of Europe in 2001 decided to establish an ad hoc group consisting of national experts to review the issues. Since then the group has studied current school food practices in Europe in order to be able to issue guidelines targeted at international, national, local and institutional levels. A survey was undertaken on behalf of the Council of Europe and World Health Organization (WHO, European Office) as a starting point. The study was an update of a previous survey carried out in the process of developing the ENHPS healthy eating in school manual and the results were presented at a forum held by the Council of Europe in collaboration with the WHO entitled The European Forum on Eating at School -Making Healthy Choices on the 20th and 21st November 2003. In addition, a number of experts from a range of professional backgrounds, all with a common interest in healthy eating in schools, were invited to present research results and discuss the way forward. The results from the forum have since been compiled into a forum report. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the findings of the European Network of Health Promoting Schools group and its implications for school food service in the future; to discuss, in general, how schools can become a more active arena for the promotion of healthy eating, and how food service can contribute in this respect. The results present an overview of how food provision is organized in primary and secondary schools, at home, outside the school, lunch boxes, kiosk type outlets, vending machines, cash cafeterias and canteens as well as 'special food promotions'. Data on how school food is financed and operated are presented together with the findings on future consumer demand. The findings and their implications for school food service operators are discussed. Barriers include improving logistics, reviewing the healthiness of food provision, the use of vending machines, involving stakeholders, complying with standards, integrating food and nutrition issues in the curriculum and giving due attention to future consumer demands. In conclusion, the paper presents guidelines on healthy eating at school issued by the Council of Europe on the basis of the forum and the work done in the ad hoc group.
Motricidade, 2017
The early development of chronic non-communicable diseases has represented the greatest concern in the health prevention in all countries. The goal of this research was to investigate how a program to promote the health of school children through physical activity and healthy diet can be implemented aiming sustainability and continuity. The participants of this study were 1098 students, aged 6 to 10 years, of both sexes. The students belong to two schools: experimental school (ES-n=592)/control school (CSn=506). The project was implemented in 2013 (pre-test) and was followed until 2015 (post-test), with an intervention in 2014. The following variables were evaluated: nutritional status, level of blood glucose, cardiorespiratory endurance, fondness for exercises and 4 categories of food. The statistical analysis used was the Wilcoxon test (paired) and the Wilcoxon test (U of Mann Whitney) (independent samples), assuming a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed difference...
Public Health
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of interventions using the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools (HPSs) framework approach in increasing physical activity (PA) and improving the diet of 11e18-year-olds. Study design: A systematic review guided by the National Health Services Centre for Reviews and Dissemination framework and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Methods: Nine databases and trial registries were searched from 2013 to 2018 for cluster randomised controlled trials involving adolescents' aged 11e18 years. We also included relevant studies from a 2014 Cochrane Review of HPS approach on health behaviours. Data were extracted from included studies and assessed for quality. Results: Twelve eligible studies were identified from seven countries. The studies varied in outcome measures, sample size, quality and duration of intervention and follow-up. Only four of the included studies were of high to moderate quality. We found some evidence of effectiveness for physical activity only interventions and limited evidence of effectiveness for nutrition only and combined PA and nutrition interventions. Conclusions: There were no discernible patterns across the studies to suggest effective mechanisms for the HPS approach. The family/community component was poorly developed and superficially reported in all studies. Future research should seek to understand how best to work in partnership with secondary schools, to foster and sustain a healthy eating and physical activity culture, which aligns with their core aims. More attention should be paid to the restriction of unhealthy foods in the school environment.
2016
11 12 Background: Strategies to improve health behavior and wellbeing of Danish children are 13 needed. A multicomponent intervention “WeAct – together for health” was developed to 14 improve the dietary habits, physical activity and wellbeing among school children aged 10-12 15 years by increasing their health competences and promoting a healthy school environment. 16 This paper describes the development and evaluation of the intervention guided by theory and 17 adjustment to real life setting. 18 19 Methods: The intervention builds upon the health promoting school approach and the IVAC 20 model. The settings are the school and the family. Three educational components targeted the 21 school: 1) Lunch meal habits integrated into science and Danish (“IEAT”) and physical 22 activity integrated into maths (“IMOVE”), 2) Vision workshop integrated primarily into 23 Danish, and 3) the Action and Change process at class and school level. Teachers participated 24 in a course to develop comp...
An innovative school-based intervention to promote healthy lifestyles
Health Education Journal, 2017
Objective: To describe an innovative school-based intervention to promote healthy lifestyles. To evaluate its effects on children’s food habits and to highlight the key components which contribute most to the beneficial effects obtained from children’s, teachers’ and parents’ perspectives. Design: An educational tool to improve personal awareness, promote healthy food choices and increase children’s levels of physical activity was developed and evaluated. The tool used a community-based approach and included family members, schools, university, families, sports societies, farms, mass media and municipalities. Setting: A total of 11 primary school classes in five schools in Spoleto, Umbria. Methods: The tool dealt with healthy food choices, lifestyle and physical activities and is structured in four phases (4 months). The Kidmed test (a validated index based on principles sustaining Mediterranean dietary patterns as well as those that undermine them) and open-ended questionnaires (to...
Public Health Nutrition, 2008
Objectives: To identify the main knowledge gaps and to propose research lines that will be developed within the European Union-funded 'Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence' (HELENA) project, concerning the nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of adolescents in Europe. Design: Review of the currently existing literature. Results: The main gaps identified were: lack of harmonised and comparable data on food intake; lack of understanding regarding the role of eating attitudes, food choices and food preferences; lack of harmonised and comparable data on levels and patterns of physical activity and physical fitness; lack of comparable data about obesity prevalence and body composition; lack of comparable data about micronutrient and immunological status; and lack of effective intervention methodologies for healthier lifestyles. Conclusions: The HELENA Study Group should develop, test and describe harmonised and state-of-the-art methods to assess the nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents across Europe; develop and evaluate an intervention on eating habits and physical activity; and develop and test new healthy food products attractive for European adolescents.
Healthy and Physically Active Schools in Europe: Framework and Guidelines for Implementation
2022
In one of the most important project outcomes in HEPAS (A<em>n International Review of the Contributions of School-based Physical Activity, Physical Education, and School Sport to the Promotion of Health-enhancing Physical Activity</em>; Bailey et al., 2022) a quite complex model was built up. The <em>Healthy and Physically Active School Model</em> includes the dimensions and layers that represent the functions and environment of a school from physical activity (PA) promotion point of view. These dimensions are the following ones: 1-3. General categories from regulation level, indirect effects, school values and policies (school values, aims & policies, external information, international, national & local expectations); 4-8. The groups the activities target or can be delivered by (leaders, teachers/staff, students, parents, community); 9-12. The dimensions of the interventions (PA, PE, School Sport, Healthy Lifestyles); 13-17. The transversal dimensions of i...