Seroepidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (original) (raw)
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Infectious Agents and Cancer, 2008
The association of the human herpesvirus-8/Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8/KSHV) serology with various malignancies in Tanzania is not currently well established while previous studies were based on either PCR or immunofluorescence assays [IFA] but not with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Selected archival diagnostic biopsies (n = 184) and sera from indigenous patients with KS (n = 120), non-KS tumors (n = 24) and non-neoplastic lesions (n = 40) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Tanzania, were evaluated by diagnostic histopathology, immunohistology [anti-HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)] and serology for HIV (ELISA) and HHV-8 (IFA and ELISA).
International Journal of Cancer, 2002
The association between the prevalence of antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) and sociodemographic, sexual, reproductive and lifestyle factors was investigated in a study of adults presenting with cancer at hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. Patients were interviewed and tested for antibodies against KSHV (using an indirect immunofluorescent assay). Data are presented for 607 patients who were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and who did not have Kaposi's sarcoma (these included people with cancers of the uterine cervix [140], breast [58], liver [41], oesophagus [36], lymphoma [47], other cancers [285] and benign tumours [63]). The prevalence of anti-KSHV antibodies was 50% overall (302/607) and did not differ significantly by cancer site (p ؍ 0.4) or sex (p ؍ 0.2), but increased linearly with age from 35% in those under 25 years to 55% in those 45 years and over (2 trend [1 df] ؍ 9.1; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, anti-KSHV antibodies were more common in tribal groups other than the Baganda tribe (54% vs. 45% among Baganda; p ؍ 0.02), but there was no significant (p > 0.05) variation in seroprevalence by district of birth, region of residence prior to becoming ill or various measures of wealth. The prevalence of anti-KSHV antibodies decreased with increasing number of older siblings, although this may be due to chance (p ؍ 0.05) and was higher among people who had ever been married (p ؍ 0.03). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between the presence of antibodies against KSHV and other sexual and reproductive factors. Among the 302 patients with anti-KSHV antibodies, the proportion with high titres increased linearly with increasing age (p ؍ 0.03) and was higher among those reporting having had a blood transfusion (p ؍ 0.03). In conclusion, in this population in Uganda, where KSHV is relatively common, the prevalence of anti-KSHV antibodies increased with age but showed little association with nearly 50 other factors studied.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2016
Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains the most common malignancy among HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) is regarded as the infectious etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KSHV). Diagnostic procedures associated with KSHV are not routinely performed in HIV-infected subjects. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to obtain information on KSHV epidemiology in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Patients and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 109 patients with established HIV infection, who visited a governmental and referral center for HIV screening in Tehran (Tehran west health center (TWHC)) between May 2014 and July 2015 were enrolled according to the convenience sample strategy. After peripheral blood collection, isolation of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments, DNA extraction was performed. KSHV DNA was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) using primers from ORF-26 (virus minor capsid). Results: Among all 109 HIV-infected patients, 67 (61.5%) were male, with an age range of 2-64 years (mean ± standard deviation 35.8 ± 13.3). KSHV DNA was found in PBMC and plasma samples of six (5.5%) and four (3.6%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed a considerable prevalence of KSHV DNA, during latent and lytic phases, among HIV-infected patients. Risk factors for KSHV infection acquisition and concurrent. 0+infection with HIV were also evaluated. Diagnosis of KSHV in the group could be helpful for prognosis of Kaposi's sarcoma and clinical management.
HHV-8 infection in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Brazil
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2001
The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in HIV-positive Brazilian patients with (HIV+/KS+) and without Kaposis sarcoma (HIV+/KS-) using PCR and immunofluorescence assays, to assess its association with KS disease, to evaluate the performance of these tests in detecting HHV-8 infection, and to investigate the association between anti-HHV-8 antibody titers, CD4 counts and staging of KS disease. Blood samples from 66 patients, 39 HIV+/KS+ and 27 HIV+/KS-, were analyzed for HHV-8 viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR and HHV-8 antigenemia for latent and lytic infection by immunofluorescence assay. Positive samples for latent nuclear HHV-8 antigen (LNA) antibodies were titrated out from 1/100 to 1/409,600 dilution. Clinical information was collected from medical records and risk behavior was assessed through an interview. HHV-8 DNA sequences were detected by PCR in 74.3% of KS+ patients and in 3.7% of KS-patients. Serological assays were similar in detecting anti-LNA antibodies and anti-lytic antigens in sera from KS+ patients (79.5%) and KS-patients (18.5%). HHV-8 was associated with KS whatever the method used, i.e., PCR (odds ratio (OR) = 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.16-25.61) or anti-LNA and anti-lytic antibodies (OR = 17.0, 95%CI = 4.91-59.14). Among KS+ patients, HHV-8 titration levels correlated positively with CD4 counts (rho 0.48, P = 0.02), but not with KS staging. HHV-8 is involved in the development of KS in different geographic areas worldwide, as it is in Brazil, where HHV-8 is more frequent among HIV+ patients. KS severity was associated with immunodeficiency, but no correlation was found between HHV-8 antibody titers and KS staging.
Journal of Medical Virology, 2001
A multicentre study was undertaken to de®ne novel assays with increased inter-assay concordance, sensitivity, speci®city and predictive value for serological diagnosis of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infection. A total of 562 sera from European and Ugandan human immunode®ciency virus (HIV)-infected or uninfected individuals with or without Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and blood donors were examined under code by 18 different assays in seven European laboratories. Sera from KS patients and all non-KS sera found positive by at least 70%, 80%, or 90% of the assays were considered``true positive.'' The validity of the assays was then evaluated by univariate logistic regression analysis. Two immuno¯uorescence assays (IFA) for detection of antibodies against HHV-8 lytic (Rlyt) or latent (LLANA) antigens and two enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (M2, EK8.1) for detection of antibodies against HHV-8 structural proteins were found to be highly concordant, speci®c, and sensitive, with odds ratios that indicated a high predictive value. When used together, the two IFA (Rlyt-LLANA) showed the best combination of sensitivity (89.1%) and speci®city (94.9%). The performance of these assays indicate that they may be used for the clinical management of individuals at risk of developing HHV-8 associated tumours such as allograft recipients.
AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2014
In India Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely seen in AIDS patients. Hence the current belief is that the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is very low in this subcontinent, most probably due to the heterosexual route of HIV transmission. However, there is a scarcity of data on the prevalence of HHV-8 in India. In India the primary mode of HIV transmission is the heterosexual route. Therefore we aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against HHV-8 in North Indian HIV-infected men naive of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In a prospective study, 165 Indian adult males were recruited from an ART clinic. Blood samples were collected before administering any antiretroviral drug. The sera were tested for antibodies against HHV-8 using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, which detects IgG antibodies to lytic antigens of HHV-8. All positive samples were confirmed for the presence of anti-HHV-8 antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The I...
Journal of Medical Virology, 2001
A multicentre study was undertaken to de®ne novel assays with increased inter-assay concordance, sensitivity, speci®city and predictive value for serological diagnosis of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infection. A total of 562 sera from European and Ugandan human immunode®ciency virus (HIV)-infected or uninfected individuals with or without Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and blood donors were examined under code by 18 different assays in seven European laboratories. Sera from KS patients and all non-KS sera found positive by at least 70%, 80%, or 90% of the assays were considered``true positive.'' The validity of the assays was then evaluated by univariate logistic regression analysis. Two immuno¯uorescence assays (IFA) for detection of antibodies against HHV-8 lytic (Rlyt) or latent (LLANA) antigens and two enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (M2, EK8.1) for detection of antibodies against HHV-8 structural proteins were found to be highly concordant, speci®c, and sensitive, with odds ratios that indicated a high predictive value. When used together, the two IFA (Rlyt-LLANA) showed the best combination of sensitivity (89.1%) and speci®city (94.9%). The performance of these assays indicate that they may be used for the clinical management of individuals at risk of developing HHV-8 associated tumours such as allograft recipients.
Spectrum of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, or Human Herpesvirus 8, Diseases
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2002
SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), discovered in 1994, is a human rhadinovirus (gamma-2 herpesvirus). Unlike other human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6, and HHV-7), it is not widespread in the general population and has many unique proteins. HHV-8 is strongly associated with all subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease, and a rare form of B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma. In addition, HHV-8 DNA sequences have been found in association with other diseases, but the role of the virus in these diseases is largely unconfirmed and remains controversial. The seroprevalence of HHV-8, based on detection of latent and lytic proteins, is 2 to 5% in healthy donors except in certain geographic areas where the virus is endemic, 80 to 95% in classic KS patients, and 40 to 50% in HIV-1 patients without KS. This viru...
Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 1998
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a form of skin cancer, most commonly found in individuals suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. However, before the worldwide infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the rare occurrence of KS was confined to two distinct groups of individuals. In the Western world, the classical form of KS was often found in older men (60-70 years of age) from the Mediterranean area. Another form called endemic KS, was found in Equatorial Africa. Currently, the most common cases of KS are found in individuals suffering from AIDS. This is called AIDS-associated KS. Between 30 and 40% of male, homosexual AIDS patients suffer from AIDS-associated KS. KS is also occasionally diagnosed in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs (to keep their body from rejecting the foreign organ). As opposed to cases of classic and endemic KS, the KS in AIDS patients progresses very quickly, often with a fatal outcome. Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) has been implicated as the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), but the exact connection of the virus to the neoplasm is not known. The virus has been detected within the sarcoma skin lesions, but has additionally been seen in peripheral blood