Error Detection and Correction in H.263 coded video over wireless network (original) (raw)
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Iterative Error Detection and Correction of H.263 Coded Video for Wireless Networks
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2004
Due to the use of variable length code (VLC), a single bit error in the DCT-based coded bitstream such as H.263 may propagate up to the end of the group of block (GOB) or slice. In this paper, we propose an iterative error detection and correction algorithm for the slice mode of the H.263 bitstreams. The visibly erroneous macroblocks (MB) in the decoded frames are detected by checking a set of error detection conditions derived from the redundant information (such as neighbouring MB and inner DCT block similarity measure) inherent within the frame. An iterative re-decoding based correction algorithm is then applied to the erroneous slices. The proposed technique limits the error into a few MBs only, which can easily be concealed by any error concealment technique. The simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can recover the corrupted frames under the bit error rates up to 0.5% over binary symmetric channel (BSC), and improve the concealed picture quality by up to 8 dB over the conventional methods.
A New Error Resilient Coding Scheme for H.263 Video Transmission
2002
For entropy-coded H.263 video frames, a transmission error in a codeword will not only affect the underlying codeword but also may affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received video frames. In this study, a new error resilient coding scheme for H.263 video transmission is proposed. At the encoder, for an I frame, the important data of each macroblock are extracted and embedded into another macroblock within the I frame by the proposed odd-even data embedding scheme for I frames. For a P frame, a rate-distortion optimized coding mode selection approach is employed. The important data for each GOB (group of blocks) are extracted and embedded into the next frame by using the proposed macroblock-interleaving GOB-based data embedding scheme. At the decoder, after all the corrupted macroblocks within a video frame are detected and located, if the important data of a corrupted macroblock can be extracted correctly, the extracted important data will facilitate the employed error concealment scheme to conceal the corrupted macroblock; otherwise, the employed error concealment scheme is simply used to conceal the corrupted macroblock. Based on the simulation results, the proposed scheme can recover high-quality H.263 video frames from the corresponding corrupted video frames up to video packet loss rate = 30%.
An error resilient coding scheme for H.263 video transmission based on data embedding
Real-time Imaging, 2005
For entropy-coded MPEG-2 video frames, a transmission error will not only affect the underlying codeword but also may affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received video frames. In this study, a hybrid error concealment scheme for MPEG-2 video transmission is proposed. The objective is to recover high-quality MPEG-2 video frames from the corresponding corrupted video frames, without increasing the transmission bit rate. In this study, transmission errors or equivalently corrupted/lost video packets in MPEG-2 video frames are detected and located by the error detection scheme proposed by Shyu and Leou [IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 10 , and then the corrupted blocks are concealed by the proposed hybrid error concealment scheme. Based on the fitness function for evaluating the candidate concealed blocks of a corrupted block, a corrupted block in an intra-coded I frame is concealed by either the spatial error concealment algorithm in H.264 or the proposed fast best neighborhood matching (BNM) algorithm. A corrupted block in an inter-coded P or B frame is concealed by the proposed fast motioncompensated BNM algorithm. Based on the simulation results obtained in this study, the proposed scheme can recover high-quality MPEG-2 video frames from the corresponding www.elsevier.com/locate/jvci (J.-J. Leou). corrupted video frames up to a packet loss rate of 20%. The performance of the proposed scheme is better than those of four existing approaches for comparison.
Robust Decoding of H.264 Encoded Video Transmitted over Wireless Channels
2006 IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2006
Due to its high compression efficiency, the H.264 video coder is very sensitive to impairments due to transmission over noisy channels. Most error resilience/concealment techniques provided in the H.264 standard were dealing with packet losses. In wireless environments, the proportion of corrupted packets (and thus considered as lost) may become very high. This paper shows that the H.264 decoder may be seen as a parity check decoder able to detect erroneous packets. Combined with soft estimation techniques, it allows to correct transmission errors and to reduce significantly the number of packets deemed lost. The proposed solution is compatible with the error-resilience features of H.264.
Error-resilient Coding for H.263
Insights Into Mobile Multimedia Communications, 1999
In this contribution we address the problem of robust video transmission in error prone environments. The approach is compatible with the ITU-T video coding standard H.263 and has been adopted in the ITU-T standard H.324 (\Terminal for Low Bitrate Multimedia Communication"). Fading situations in mobile networks are tolerated and the image quality degradation due to spatio-temporal error propagation is minimized utilizing a feedback channel between transmitter and receiver carrying acknowledgment information. In a rst step, corrupted Group of Blocks (GOBs) are concealed to avoid annoying artifacts caused by decoding of an erroneous bit stream. The GOB and the corresponding frame number are reported to the transmitter via the back channel. The encoder evaluates the negative acknowledgments and reconstructs the spatial and temporal error propagation. A low complexity algorithm for real-time reconstruction of spatio-temporal error propagation is described in detail. Rapid error recovery is achieved by INTRA refreshing image regions (Macroblocks) bearing visible distortion. The feedback channel method does not introduce additional delay and is particularly relevant for real-time conversational services in mobile networks. Experimental results with bursty bit error sequences simulating a DECT channel are presented with di erent combinations of Forward Error Correction (FEC), Automatic Repeat on Request (ARQ), and the proposed error compensation technique. Compared to the case where FEC and ARQ are used for error correction, a gain of up to 3 dB Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is observed if error compensation is employed additionally.
An Optimized and Adaptive Error-Resilient Coding for H. 264 Video
TENCON 2006 - 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2006
The transmission errors in H.264 may propagate in the temporal direction. Errors in intra-coded picture (I-frame) will propagate into the associated P-B frame if they are in the same Group Of Picture (GOP). Therefore it is important to detect errors in the I-frame rather than in the P-B frame. This paper proposes and demonstrates an effective technique of Error-Resilient Coding based on bit-error detection and Directional Intra-Frame Concealment (DIFC) for H.264 video. The bit error detection is derived from multiblock checksum, chain coverage and remainder coding. DIFC takes advantage of flexible block sizes to deal with detailed movement areas and employs object edge detection to improve the accuracy of spatial interpolation. The results showed that the proposed directional intra-frame concealment has a better performance than the weighted pixel interpolation in H.264 software.
Robust decoder-based error control strategy for recovery of H.264/AVC video content
IET Communications, 2011
Real-time wireless conversational and broadcasting multimedia applications offer particular transmission challenges as reliable content delivery cannot be guaranteed. The undelivered and erroneous content causes significant degradation in quality of experience. The H.264/AVC standard includes several error resilient tools to mitigate this effect on video quality. However, the methods implemented by the standard are based on a packet-loss scenario, where corrupted slices are dropped and the lost information concealed. Partially damaged slices still contain valuable information that can be used to enhance the quality of the recovered video. This study presents a novel error recovery solution that relies on a joint source-channel decoder to recover only feasible slices. A major advantage of this decoder-based strategy is that it grants additional robustness while keeping the same transmission data rate. Simulation results show that the proposed approach manages to completely recover 30.79% of the corrupted slices. This provides frame-by-frame peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gains of up to 18.1 dB, a result which, to the knowledge of the authors, is superior to all other joint source-channel decoding methods found in literature. Furthermore, this error resilient strategy can be combined with other error resilient tools adopted by the standard to enhance their performance.
Extended Error Concealment Algorithm for Intra-frames in H. 264/AVC
The audiovisual and multimedia services are seen as important sources of data transmission within mobile networks these days. One of the limitations within the mobile networks is the low transmission bit rate which demands the reduction of the used video resolution and a high efficient video compression technique. Standard H.264/AVC, which is explained in this paper, is the newest codec of video compression, which provides a distinct improvement of quality in comparison with the previous video standards. Video stream transmission via wireless area results in data lost. It causes the emergence of the visual artefacts, and so the distinct fall of the picture quality. Since video stream transmission in real time is limited by transmission channel delay, it is not possible to transmit all faulty or lost packets. It is therefore inevitable to conceal these defects. In this paper, we analysed the error concealment algorithms, which are used in video transmission via wireless network, whic...
Checksum-Filtered List Decoding Applied to H.264 and H.265 Video Error Correction
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2017
The latest video coding standards, H.264 and H.265, are highly vulnerable in error-prone networks. Reconstructed packets may exhibit significant degradation in terms of PSNR and visual quality. This paper presents a novel list decoding approach exploiting the receiver side user datagram protocol (UDP) checksum. The proposed method identifies the possible locations of errors by analyzing the pattern of the calculated UDP checksum. This permits to considerably reduce the number of candidate bitstreams in comparison to conventional list decoding approaches. When a packet composed of N bits contains a single-bit error, instead of considering N candidate bitstreams, as is the case in conventional list decoding approaches, the proposed approach considers N/32 candidate bitstreams, leading to a reduction of 97% of the number of candidates. For a two-bit error, the reduction increases to 99.6%. The method's performance is evaluated using H.264 and H.265 test model software. Our simulation results reveal that, on average, the error was corrected perfectly 80 to 90% of the time (the original bitstream was recovered). In addition, the proposed approach provides, on average, a 2.79 dB gain over frame copy (FC) error concealment using the Joint Model (JM) and a 3.57 dB gain over our implementation of FC error concealment in the HEVC Test Model (HM).
Temporal-spatial error concealment algorithm for intra-frames in H.264/AVC coded video
2010
Video communication through wireless channels is still a major problem due to the limitations in bandwidth and the presence of channel errors. The other limitations within the mobile networks is low transmission bit rate which demands the reduction of the used video resolution and a high efficient video compression technique. Video transmission in wireless environments is a challenging task calling for high-compression efficiency as well as a network-friendly design. The network-friendly design of H.264/AVC is addressed via the network abstraction layer that has been developed to transport the coded video data over any existing and future networks including wireless systems. Exploiting this feature, we present a modified temporal-spatial error concealment algorithm for H.264 coded video. Simulations were carried out in computing environment Matlab using the standard video-sequences.