Review of Thermal Comfort in Warm Humid Climate for Traditional Architecture in Indonesia (original) (raw)
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ABSTRACT: The built form of the traditional Indonesian house is considered to be a prime example of environmental design response to regional climate conditions. Recently, in general, modern small/medium housing types in Indonesia has not followed the same design principles. In comparison with their traditional counterparts, they are of a relatively heavyweight construction; they often suffer from low levels of natural ventilation. The indoor environmental conditions of the modern houses are, generally considered thermally unsatisfactory. This study is concerning thermal sensation evaluation for both, traditional types and modern style of housing in Indonesia. The ten traditional houses of Minahasa (North Sulawesi Province) and the ten modern style houses have been taken as house samples. 60 adults who were living in these houses have been taken as subject samples. Comparisons of thermal sensation response from the residents of these two types of housing may allow us in giving recommendations of housing construction quality and policy. The methods used in this research are numerical simulation (calculation of building heat transfer and thermal comfort) and field studies (questionnaires for thermal sensation and thermal environment measurement). Some of the results show that the respondents may feel thermally comfortable in an enclosure environment with a low air velocity where air temperature is in maximum of 29°C, with air humidity is about 60 %. By simulation, these climatic environments give a slightly uncomfortable condition, where the DISC scales are about 1 to 1.5. Therefore, there is a different about 1 scale between theoretical approach and field observation. Keywords: Traditional Architecture, Tropical Humid, Thermal Comfort
Building Design and Indoor Temperature Performance in the Humid Tropical Climate of Indonesia
Lack of adequate building codes in Indonesia has led architects and builders to build buildings without considering local climate. Designing buildings merely aims to satisfy clients’ aesthetical needs, whilst, on the other hand, sacrificing indoor thermal comfort and wasting energy. Measurements in two different buildings in Indonesia showed that these two buildings were performed unsatisfying indoor thermal conditions as the indoor temperatures were much higher than the outdoor. Local climates were neglected during the design processes. Most of architects and builders in Indonesia believe that achieving occupants’ thermal comfort in any building would be impossible without installing air conditioners (AC). Another study had been done in Tangerang, West Java, in which thermal measurements had been conducted in a house which was designed in such a way by implementing passive design approach. This study showed that even without AC this house was thermally comfortable. Using measured d...
2016
Traditional house is the ideal house according to the needs of a humid tropics climate like in Indonesia. But today many traditional houses was demolished for many reasons. This research attempts to make a simulation to see the thermal comfort of the two traditional houses in Kotagede with the different morphology house. The houses that observed are Dul Muin’s house and Samsuri’s house. The consideration for thermal analysis is the roofing, wall, floor material. Opening and layout of the site is also a factor taken into account in this analysis. Analysis were performed using the program CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). From the analysis results will be obtained that describe the morphology of the original traditional houses are most comfortable. The findings is expected to be a reference to build a modern house that adopt a traditional house by choosing a convenient morphological traditional house, so in order to obtain the expected thermal comfort.
An Assessment of Thermal Comfort Preference in Open Lay Out Building in Warm-Humid Aceh, Indonesia*
Proceedings of the 25th International Academic Conference, OECD Headquarters, Paris, 2016
This study aims at assessing the acceptable thermal comfort for the local people in the warm-humid Aceh. The measurement was conducted based on ISO 7730 which is compared with adaptive thermal comfort method. In this research Aceh Tsunami Museum building, located in Banda Aceh Indonesia was assessed as a case study. The museum has an open lay out ground floor located in the city center of Banda Aceh. Being built in the crowded area such museum design has been utilised by the local people to have pleasant and fresh air; and shades. This study was conducted onsite using mechanical equipment and involving 138 respondents. The result shows that the comfort temperature calculated by mechanical equipment based on ISO 7730 is 23.14°C. This is in contrast with the result of the questionnaires that showed people in an open building design sense the air temperature up to 32°C as slightly cool. This condition is influenced by the mean air speed of 2.34 m/s and the mean relative humidity of 66.25% (RH). This finding agrees that obtaining the comfort air temperature especially in warm humid area merely from the prediction of comfort index in ISO 7730 is inaccurate since the respondents actually could adapt with the higher air temperature
Study of Thermal Comfort in Traditional House Buildings (Case Study: Simalungun Traditional House)
International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 2021
Traditional houses were formed over a long period and are believed to be hereditary responsive to the surrounding physical and socio-cultural environment. Traditional Architecture is a building whose shape, decoration and method of implementation are passed down from generation to generation. Traditional architecture is a reflection of the values and culture that the community has interpreted. The adaptation of residents in the house is carried out by optimizing the positive potential of the surrounding environment and minimizing disturbances related to the comfort of living. The research problem is how the level of thermal comfort in the traditional house of Simalungun. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal comfort of the study object of the Simalungun traditional house. To determine the thermal conditions inside and outside the building, Measurements of temperature and humidity were carried out. Measurement data were analyzed and compared with Ecotech simulation data. The results of research carried out directly and simulating using Ecotech. This Simalungun traditional house can be categorized as having optimal comfort in terms of its physical physiological aspects and simulate using Ecotech simulations. As for the benefits of the research, it is hoped that it can provide knowledge about the thermal comfort of traditional houses, especially the traditional houses of Simalungun.
Typology of Malay Traditional House and its Response to The Thermal Environment
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
Rumah Limas Melaka which located at Chalet Warisan Puan, Alor Gajah was a traditional house that is still maintaining almost 70% of its traditional criteria. Traditional criteria of a building envelope design always become a concern about its ability to provide a comfort towards the users in this current climate. In this study, the focus was to evaluate the indoor thermal performance of this house, as well as to investigate and analyzed the indoor thermal condition by using psychrometric and heat index theories. A field experiment was carried out to obtain the needed parameters using thermocouple type J acquisition by HOBO logger, Anemometer, and IAQ Quest Temp34. The parameters were obtained at three different zones; A (rumah ibu), B (rumah tengah) and C (rumah dapur) for 14 days. Thermal energy calculation was done, and zone B was found as the most discomfort zone amongst others as it gains the highest energy needed to cool the space. Thus, it has least efficient of heat transfer due to the least ventilation provided and narrow in space that prevents adequate air flow from the outside. In overall, Rumah Limas Melaka shows to have a poor thermal performance yet still acceptable for the occupants with openings space allow easy passage of air and good cross ventilation.
Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Traditional Houses in a Tropical Climate
A considerable amount of energy is being consumed for heating and cooling indoor environments in order to provide thermal comfort. For older buildings located in the southern parts of Iran, particularly in Bushehr, many climatic and passive design strategies are being used to provide indoor thermal comfort. This architecture and these elements have been developed in response to unfavorable weather conditions. The current study aimed to identify those passive elements and evaluate indoor thermal comfort in older houses. To achieve these objectives, passive elements in main houses located in the ancient urban structure were first identified. Then, a house in the coastal belt, Tabib's house, and another house inside the ancient urban structure, Nozari's house, were selected for the purpose of field measurement. The results revealed that the passive techniques used in these older houses significantly provide sufficient indoor thermal conditions. The mean measured predicted mean vote (PMV) of Tabib's rooms was 0.88 and the mean measured PMV of Nozari's rooms was 0.91, which were in an acceptable range. The measured predicted percentage of dissatisfied of rooms in both houses were lower than 10%. The main factor in creating indoor thermal comfort in these houses was the natural ventilation and its availability in the selected houses.
1999
IO JAVANESE BI.JILDINGS AND THERMAL COMFORT PERFORMANCE vernaculat architecture, to some degree, provides comfort (in this case through the optimisation l-6 of wind flow) with a scientific basis. Such an approach is important, as Hasan Fathy writes: "The phenomena of the micro-climate must be analysed and new building materials, methods, and designs must be tested until the complex relationships among buildings, micro-climate, and human being(s) are fully understood.... Another science to which architecture is indebted is aerodynamics.,,ll Key point: By clearly understanding the scientific aspects of the relation between traditional architectural rules and passive thermal comfort, one can quantitatively link the potential of traditional design to the provision of passive thermal comfort in modern architectural designs. f .1.3 Computer Issues The architectural curricula and financial capability of most universities may be a significant hindrance in the development of rndonesian building science. Although they address building technology, most universities only include a small amount of building science in their curricula. Experts are scarce; appropriately equipped laboratories are unavailable. Fornrnately, powerful computers have become increasingly available at lower prices. Building science teaching can benefit from this. Evaluation of thermal comfort involves assessment of at least six factors: human activity levels, thermal resistance of clothing, air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and vapour pressure in ambient air.32 Since passive ventilation within buildings involves dealing with natural air movements caused by buoyancy and/or induction due to outdoor air movements, the mechanism of the process is very complicated. Air movements are very sensitive to building form details33 and are affected by radiation from walls. Air flows like a fluid, with laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows. Justifying whether values (air temperature, velocity, humidity, etc.) at a particular location in a building create thermal comfort is not easy. Manually calculating those values at every point within a building is almost impossible. One way to analyse ventilation performance of buildings is by using computational fluid dynamics (cFD) programs, made feasible by the present generation of powerful computers. cFD programs, based on a finite volume method, enable easier calculation and produce useful graphical results. The results are simpler to interpret as they contain not only numerical velocity values, but also graphical information on air distribution patterns. The idea of using a computer program as comfort standards for people living in tropical a research tool is feasible because thermal climates are already well developed and l-7 ' Budihardjo, E., 1990, Architectural conservation in Bali, yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada university press, p.vii. 2lbid., p.13. '-llnt' H,1g73, , chicago: The university of Chicago Press, p.24. o lbid., p.26. t-12 s Ibid., p.47.
Journal of Islamic Architecture
A traditional mosque is a form of conformity between the design and the climate. The warm humid climate in Indonesia characterizes the environment, which is quite challenging to work with. The traditional mosque, with the uniqueness of the roof design, allows the application of a natural ventilation system that can work effectively in circulating air to reduce the effect of heat in the room. However, the application of the design has rarely been found in modern mosques due to the widespread use of the dome. This study appraised Tgk Dianjong Mosque, one of the old mosques in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The old mosque was modified by replacing the roof material and ventilation. This study aims to appraise the indoor thermal comfort of the mosque considering the application of natural ventilation. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with research data collected through physical measurements, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. The collected ...
Proceedings of the EduARCHsia & Senvar 2019 International Conference (EduARCHsia 2019), 2020
Kampung Kota (KK) is a form of urban area settlement in Indonesia. KK is a characteristic of big cities that still carry the environment and behavior of rural life, dense buildings, densely populated. Also, urban villages are characterized by low per capita income, developing without regular patterns. In terms of physical comfort, houses in urban villages are generally not by thermal and visual (light) comfort requirements. RT.05 / RW.04 Kamal Village, Kalideres District, West Jakarta, is one of the most problematic urban villages in DKI Jakarta. One of the problems at the location (RT.05/RW.04) is thermal comfort, which is under the standards (SNI T-14-1993-037). For this reason, this research is needed. This study is conducted to measure the level of thermal comfort in residential homes in RT.05/RW.04. Measurements were made based on the shape, orientation, and material of the roof covering. The roof was chosen as a benchmark because the roof is one of the media for the entry of solar radiation into the building. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of thermal comfort in households in KK based on the shape, orientation and material of the roof covering. This research uses a quantitative method with an experimental approach. The quantitative method is done by grouping the house based on the shape, orientation, and material of the roof. Then each house's thermal comfort level is measured. The measurement results are used to determine the effect of the shape, orientation, and material of the roof covering the thermal comfort level of households in KK. The results of this study are the recommendation of the shed roof to absorb less heat than the hip and gable roof. The orientation of the roof facing west and east absorbs less heat than the orientation of the north and south roofs. Clay tile roof covering material absorbs less heat than the asbestos material.