Assessment of risks posed by chemical industries—application of a new computer automated tool maxcred-III (original) (raw)
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MAXCRED – a new software package for rapid risk assessment in chemical process industries
Environmental Modelling and Software, 1998
A new software package for conducting rapid risk assessment (RRA) in chemical process industries and the system of methodologies on which it is based are described. The objectives behind the development of the package are to achieve greater breadth and depth, sophistication, and user-friendliness in conducting RRA. In pursuit of these objectives we have incorporated in the package state-of-the-art models for generating accident scenarios and assessing their consequences. The package has been coded in C ϩ ϩ using the concepts of object-oriented programming to enhance the tool's speed of execution and ease of use. The paper also demonstrates the applicability of MAXCRED with an illustrative example of a RRA conducted with its assistance.
International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2008
The environmental consequences are defined as consequences of accidental release of hazardous substances to the natural environment. This release can lead to many hazards depending on the material stored. The consequences of these hazards to the environment are widespread and have significant importance to human communities living in the surroundings. The mathematical models are extremely useful tools to predict the impacts of chemical process accidents. The objective of this paper is to develop a software package for accident simulation and damage potential estimation. The software is coded in visual basic and is compatible with windows working environments. The software is called Simulation of chemical industrial accident. This application is a comprehensive software package which can be integrated with geographical information system to predict and display the consequence of chemical hazards. The software is a user-friendly and effective tool for evaluating the consequences of major chemical accidents, process decision making for land-use planning, namely locating suitable hazardous installations, hazardous waste disposal areas and emergency response plan.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1998
Accidents involving toxic releases, explosions, and fires in chemical process industries take a heavy toll of property, human lives, and environment quality. If one could forecast the accidents likely to occur and the damage they were likely to cause, one could devise appropriate strategies to prevent the accidents and contain the damage that did occur. Using this concept, we have developed a computer-automated tool for accident simulation. In this paper the applicability of the concept and the tool is described on the basis of a case study of a typical petrochemical industry. The study reveals that out of eight credible accident scenarios, four would be 'stand-alone' events, whereas four others would also cause secondary or higher order accidents (domino effects). Of the accidents in the former category, the one as per scenario 8 is the worst as it would adversely impact (within the set limit of 50 % probability of causing lethality) larger areas than the other three such accidents. Among the second category, scenario 1 would be the most undesirable because it would simultaneously cause heat radiation, shock waves, and missile effects over a larger area.
Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 2013
In the field of risks analysis, the domino effect has been documented in technical literature since 1947. The accidents caused by the domino effect are the most destructive accidents related to industrial plants. Fire and explosion are among the most frequent primary accidents for a domino effect due to the units under pressure and the storage of flammable and dangerous substances. Heat radiation and overpressure are one of major factors leading to domino effect on industrial sites and storage areas. In this paper we present a method for risk assessment of domino effects caused by heat radiation and overpressure on industrial sites. This methodology is based on the probabilistic models and the physical equations. It allows quantifying the effect of the escalation vectors (physical effects) in industrial plants, the three areas defined in this study may be useful in the choice of safe distances between industrial equipments. The results have proven the importance of domino effect assessment in the framework of risk analysis.
Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 1997
Studies pertaining to risk analysis, conducted on the storage units of a typical chemical industry engaged in the manufacture of epichlorohydrin, are described. A comprehensive software package MAXCRED (MAXimum CREDible accident analysis) recently developed by us has been utilized for the purpose. Eight different scenarios, one for each storage unit, have been studied. It is observed that the accident scenario for chlorine (BLEVE followed by dipersion) leads to the largest area-under-lethal-impact while the accident scenario for propylene (CVCE followed by fire ball) forecasts the most intense damage per unit area. The accidents involving propylene, epichlorohydrin and fuel oil have high possibility of causing domino/secondary accidents as their destructive impacts (shock waves, heat load) would envelope other storage and process units. Besides demonstrating the utilizability of MAXCRED, this study also focuses attention on the need to bestow greater effort towards risk assessment/crisis management. The authors hope that these studies would highlight the severity of risk posed by the industry and would thus generate safety consciousness among plant managers. The studies may also help in developing accident-prevention strategies and installation of damage control devices. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Quantitative Assessment of Risk Caused by Domino Accidents in Chemical Process Industries
2018
The use of a quantitative assessment to study the domino accidents can help in deriving a more perceptible and more steadfast result than in that of a qualitative assessment. The data required for the study is derived from various risk assessment studies previously taken up in chemical process industries. The methodology followed in this paper would help in the determination of the maximum-credible accident scenarios (MCAS) from a list of several credible accident scenarios obtained for a definite scope or different escalation scenarios to a secondary accident scenario from a primary accident. The most credible accident scenario is determined based on some potential factors—financial loss, fatalities, ecosystem damage that consider site-specific information for population density, asset density of the site, population distribution, damage area, importance factor, etc. The damage radii and other possible consequences are determined by modeling with the help of a comprehensive process...
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics, 2017
Chemical process industries which use hazardous chemicals and/or processes are prone to accidents involving fire, explosion, or toxic release ─ which occur singly or in combination. Forecasting the likelihood of such accidents, and assessing their likely consequences, forms the basis of all accident prevention and mitigation strategies. This paper has attempted a critical assessment of the software that is available presently, priced or unpriced, for assessing consequences of process industry accidents. Besides developing a gist of the state-of-the-art, this survey also aims at identifying the strengths and the weaknesses of the available tools so that priorities for further work can be set accordingly.
Safety Risk Analysis and Accidents Modeling of a Major Gasoline Release in Petrochemical Plant
Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2020
The purpose of this paper is to analyze risk of accidental gasoline release in the storage tank of gasoline 59-TK-158 situated in complex GL1/K Skikda using quantitative risk assessment based on HAZOP and bow tie to identify and quantify the sources of the unwanted event. Afterward, we identified the areas that are exposed to different industrial accidental effects such as (thermal, flammable and overpressure), using the software Phast as a tool for simulation. The simulation results show the distances of the affected area, to understand the risk consequences related to the affected area of each scenario. Based on this simulation, using the societal risk curves FN to assess the accidental risk inevitably affects people in the surrounding area. This explicitly denotes the relation between the frequency of occurrence and the number of fatalities generated by this accident on a two-dimensional diagram. It aims to find which scenario that is acceptable and which needs more improvement to lower the consequences related to it in a matter of safety. This work was conducted for the first time in GNL Skikda, specifically in a storage tank using a combination between HAZID, bow tie and FN curve. The intention of this combination is to explain deferent industrial phenomenal specially to avoid disasters such as what happened in 2004 and 2005 in the industrial area of Skikda. That is what makes the approach practically more helpful in the use of safety barriers and industrial decision making.
Ever, there are potential hazards in chemical industries and facilities, can, cause, injuries, injuries and financial losses. Risk, is the expression of any factor that may have caused the injury or damage. Risk industries, including oil storage, mainly take the form of incident such as an explosion. These events can occur due to problems in process design, equipment malfunction or human error. To certify the figures, the damage from these events in the world are immense. For this reason, it should be considered, specific measures, and a concept called safety should be considered. In this paper, an overview of risk assessment-and how it is applied-which include risk identification process, a process of modeling the possible danger of the explosion is fully described and its implications for modeling, specifically, is done, the oil company's central warehouse in Yazd. Modeling is considered one of the most important steps in risk management. Today, this modeling is performed by powerful computer software, such as software ALOHA. Predict the effects and consequences of adverse events in a single process by a mathematical model, called the outcome of the analysis. Therefore, the risk of an oil depot, is not without consequence analysis. In this study, with the help of specialized software ALOHA, has been modeled, the consequences of possible accidents, one of the storage tanks of gasoline storage Yazd. Finally, the calculation of accident risk potential explosion in the warehouse, and comparison with authentic standards, appropriate recommendations are presented in order to reduce the risk of accidents.