Studies on the Tanning with Glutaraldehyde as an Alternative to Traditional Chrome Tanning System for the Production of Chrome Free Leather (original) (raw)
Related papers
Polymer Bulletin, 2022
Chrome tanning is one of the popular tanning methods followed globally that generates considerable level of chromium pollution in the resulting e uent. The existing conventional chrome tanning system has to be modi ed to increase the exhaustion level of chromium in the tanning process. In the present investigation, a protein based product has been developed from raw trimming wastes and applied in chrome tanning process to enhance the exhaustion level of chromium. The experiment conducted using the product at the level of 6% exhibited chromium exhaustion at the level of 93% in the process. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of peaks for various functional groups namely carboxylic acids, aldehyde, amide and hydroxyl groups for the high exhaust chrome tanning. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leather was found to be more than 100 o C. Results of microscopic studies from SEM-EDX revealed that enhanced adsorption of chromium up to a level of 5.24 weight % containing chromium with atomic % 1.27 in the sample of 6% co-polymer. AFM images also show increase in adsorption of chromium with increased amount of co-polymer in the solution. Increased interactions between active sites of collagen-complex and chromium resulted into improved exhaustion of chromium as revealed from higher intensities of XRD images. CD spectra revealed that the addition of protein based product increased the ellipticity of the collagen in the experimental sample as compared to control sample. The crust leather showed improved colour, organoleptic and comparable strength properties of the experimental leather.
LEATHER PROCESSING, ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVES OF CHROME TANNING
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2019
There are several processes involved in leather making, one of the process is tanning. In tanning process, higher concentration of chromium is commonly used. Whereas chromium is regarded as one of the toxic heavy metal. The disposal of these chromium effluent into water bodies is known to cause various ill effects. To replace that, vegetable tanning can be practiced, where the method is easy as well as ecofriendly. In this review, we have dealt about various procedures in leather processing especially chrome tanning and health hazards caused by chromium. Also added a note on vegetable tanning using tannins to replace the chrome tanning for making better environment
2005
A tanning process based on a preliminary stabilization with glucose, followed by a chromium tannage, has been optimized on semi-industrial scale. A higher chromium content in the tanned leather and a better exhaustion of the floats indicate that the presence of glucose in the skin improves the penetration and fixation of chromium. The stabilization with glucose allows the production of chromium-free waste shavings that may be reutilized through more sustainable routes. The crust leather obtained is characterized by mechanical and technical properties comparable to those of the traditionally chromium tanned crust leather. As far as roundness, fullness and hand, the glucose stabilized leather display better performances. The results obtained assess the glucose stabilized leather as a good candidate for producing high quality bovine upper leather through a more environmental sound chromium tannage, in terms of lower chromium consumption and discharge in the wastewaters and of better re...
Prospects and Challenges of Chrome Tanning: Approach a Greener Technology in Leather Industry
Scientific Review, 2021
The leather industry is one of the heavy-polluting and hazardous industries that is creating toxic and harmful effects on the environment and human health by producing waste chemicals, tannery effluents, and various pollutants. Moreover, Tanning is the required stage to convert raw skin to durable and sustainable skin but most of the chemicals, salts, organic and inorganic toxic pollutants are produced. In commercial practices, Chrome tanning is the highly employed approach that uses a large number of basic chromium salts that becomes the major source of chromium pollutant in the environment. Chromium salt is not only harmful to the environment and ecology but also harms the human body such as causing respiratory problems, infertility and birth defects, skin and lung cancer of the workers. This article has presented two alternatives eco-friendly greener approaches of chrome tanning and waste management technique to reduce the toxic effect on the environment and human health. Firstly...
Chemosphere, 2020
Chrome tanning remains the most favourite technology in the leather industry worldwide due to its ability to produce leather with attributes desirable for high-quality leather such as excellent hydrothermal stability, better dyeing characteristics and softness. Nevertheless, the technology has been censured globally for its severe environmental detriments and adverse effects on human health and other organisms. Developing alternative eco-friendly tanning technologies capable of producing leather of high quality has remained a challenging scientific inquiry. This review article provides an assessment of various eco-friendly tanning attempts geared towards improving or replacing the chrome technology without compromising the quality of the produced leather. The reviewed publications have ascertained that, these attempts have been centred on recycling of spent liquors; chromium exhaustion enhancement and total replacement of chromium salts. The research gaps and levels of key environmental pollutants from the reviewed technologies are presented, and the qualities of the leather produced from these technologies are highlighted. Of all the examined alternative technologies, total replacement of chromium salts sounds ideal to elude adverse effects associated with chrome tanning. Combination tanning, which implies blending two tanning agents that individually cannot impart desired properties to the leather, is anticipated to be an alternative technology to chrome tanning. Apart from being an eco-friendly technology, combination tanning produces leather with similar features to those produced by chrome tanning. In this regard, blending vegetable tannins with aluminium sulphate provides a promising chrome-free tanning technology. However, further studies to optimize combination tanning technologies to suit industrial applications are highly recommended.
2020
Leather manufacturing involves a number of unit processes, out of which tanning is the most important in so far as it converts the putrescible hides/skins into non-putrescible leather. In this study, glutaraldehyde has been exploited as a means to reduce the use of basic chromium sulfate for the production of quality shoe upper crust leather. The paper consists in studying the physical properties of aldehyde-tanned leather and chrome-tanned leather. The aim is to find out the possibility of replacing the wet-blue leather, containing Cr(III) salts, with the glutaraldehyde-tanned wet-white leather. The physical properties of the aldehyde-tanned leather were evaluated, analyzed and compared with the conventional chrome-tanned shoe upper crust leather. Statistical analysis illustrated that the tensile strength, the percentage of elongation, stitch tear strength, Baumann tear strength and grain crack strength of the leather was 211±1 kg/cm 2 , 38±0.5 %, 89±0.11 kg/cm, 63±0.4 kg/cm and 23±0.4 kg respectively. It was observed that the property of the experimental leather was quite comparable with the conventional chrome-tanned leather and able to meet the requirements of the shoe upper crust leather after re-tanning. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental tanned leather was found to be 87 °C, lower than that of corresponding control, which indicates lesser tanning power of aldehyde. However, the morphology of the aldehyde-tanned leather was quite akin with the conventional leather. This study suggests that using glutaraldehyde in the tanning process in order to minimize the chromium load in the tanning and the re-tanning process during the production of shoe upper crust leather reduces the generation of toxic waste and its impact on the environment.
Materials Science, 2010
The change of tanning parameters reflects on leather chemical and physical properties. The standardized determination methods of more important for customers leather indexes do not allow absolutely clear to conclude about suitability of developed tanning method for leather processing. Due to this DSC analysis and IR spectroscopy were employed as additionally analyses methods for the clarification of tanning process influence on leather qualitative properties. During research established structural characteristics of variously tanned leather show how differently tanning materials join to derma collagen and prove that content of linked tanning materials is not most important factor, which ordains the thermo stability of collagen, in the case of chrome-free tanning. The results of DSC and IR-spectroscopy clarify the data obtained by other investigation methods and allow more exactly estimation of the tanning method suitability for leather processing. It was established that variation of vegetable tannins in tanning recipe influences on leather properties and best results are obtained using mimosa tannins.
Use of Glucose to Improve the Environmental Aspects of Chrome Tanning Process
Advanced Materials Research, 2014
A tanning process based on a preliminary stabilization with glucose, followed by a chromium tannage, has been optimized on semi-industrial scale. A higher chromium content in the tanned leather and a better exhaustion of the floats indicate that the presence of glucose in the hide improves the penetration and fixation of chromium. The stabilization with glucose allows the production of chromium-free waste shavings that may be reutilized through more sustainable routes. The crust leather obtained is characterized by mechanical and technical properties comparable to those of the traditionally chromium tanned crust leather. As far as roundness, fullness and hand, the glucose stabilized leather display better performances. The results obtained assess the glucose stabilized leather as a good candidate for producing high quality bovine upper leather through a more environmental sound chromium tannage, in terms of lower chromium consumption and discharge in the wastewaters and of better re...
2019
Tanning process is one of the most important steps in tanning industry, in which raw hide is transformed into leather. Chrome tan has proven to be the effective method of tanning and is done in tanneries world wide. It is used for the production of the great majority of various types of leathers such as upper, garments and other light leathers [1]. In all tanning technology operations, in turn, emanate huge composite tanning effluent and solid wastes as well as atmospheric emissions High Exhaustion of Chrome Tan, Enhancement of Leather Properties and Reduction of Chrome Tanning Effluent Impact