Analysis of Municipal Waste Development and Management in Self-Governing Regions of Slovakia (original) (raw)

Evaluation of Communal Waste in Slovakia from the View of Chosen Economic Indicators

Energies, 2021

Waste treatment consists of activities required to make sure that waste has the least practical impact on the environment. In Slovakia, more than 50% of waste is in storage. Waste development depends on the economic situation of the state. In Slovakia, there is economic intolerance of waste treatment due to the weaker economic situation of the inhabitants. The goal of this contribution is to study the development of waste production in Slovakia in regard to economic indexes of households with the aim of improving waste management. The goal is achieved by searching for a relation between economic indexes and households by a correlation matrix and by verification of polynomial dependence. According to the results of the statistical importance, we found similarity of the regions in chosen indexes by using of cluster analysis. By this method a sustainable economy and healthy environment is guaranteed and waste is used to produce energy.

Sorting of Municipal Waste by Citizens in Slovakia

2024

The paper focuses on the sorting of municipal waste by citizens of the Slovak Republic. Waste represents one of the biggest environmental challenges today, which affects not only Slovakia, but the whole world. Household waste, or municipal waste, is considered a particularly problematic source of waste. Its amount increases from year to year. In 2020 alone, its amount in the European Union (EU) amounted to 505 kg per person, according to data available on Eurostat, while only 48 % of it was recycled. The Slovak Republic, as an EU member state, must align its waste management policy with EU goals. At the same time, waste management, which should be environmentally friendly and use secondary materials contained in waste, is one of the critical elements of EU environmental policy. Major part of municipal waste in some EU countries still ends up in landfills and Slovakia is no exception despite the fact waste sorting is mandatory there. Just smaller part of municipal waste is recycled. The paper examines influence of selected factors on sorting of municipal waste by citizens of the Slovak Republic. It determines whether gender, age, income, household size and sufficient information about where the sorted waste ends up have some influence on sorting of municipal waste by citizens of the Slovak Republic.

The Economics of Waste Management: Evidence from the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Lex Localis 12(3), 2014

This article investigates conditions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to answer the following questions: Is there any evidence of an optimum mode of waste management provision? Do economies of scale exist in waste management in the Czech Republic? Data from the Czech Republic and Slovakia did not confirm internal or external provision of waste management services as better. The analysis of waste management costs in the Czech Republic did not confirm the existence of economies of scale; however, in municipalities with fewer than 4000 inhabitants, the cost curve is U shaped with an optimum somewhere at the level of 2000 inhabitants.

Competences of municipalities in waste economy

Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah

Healthy living environment is basic factor of modern society, orientated to the sustainable development. Waste economy presents activity, orientated to the avoiding and limitation of waste rising and decreasing of their negative impacts to the living environment. Slovak Republic gives to the tasks of living environment intensive attention from the view of legislative and economic measurements. Every year financial means are invested to the protection of living environment and there is created database and system for monitoring of living environment situation. Contribution is orientated to the competence of municipalities in area of waste economy. The goal is to analyze volume of fees from communal waste that present part of tax incomes for municipalities and to show its development in relation to produced volume of waste. During elaboration of the contribution we resulted first of all from the content law of waste and local taxes and fee for communal waste. Results show presently in...

Socio-demographic determinants of municipal waste generation: case study of the Czech Republic

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2018

We used MSW generation per capita and year in kilo-ABSTRACT Municipal solid waste generation has been analyzed in broad range of studies but most of the studies neglect the spatial aspect of analyzed datasets. This paper's aim is to explore spatial dependency in relations between municipal solid waste generation and socio-demographic aspects. The results obtained using geographically weighted regression are compared with results of widely used ordinary least square regression. Even though both methods found the same significant socio-demographic aspects, we were able to explain much higher share of intermunicipal variability using the geographically weighted regression because this method is able to consider changing strength and even direction of relation in different spatial units. Geographically weighted regression can therefore better mirror the local situation and could be successfully utilized to plan waste management activities at local scale.

Assessment of the Changes in the Economy of Municipal Waste in Poland After 2004

New Trends in Production Engineering, 2018

The aim of European Union policy is to implement the principles of sustainable development, in which particularly important are: environmental protection and rational management of resources. Major role is given to waste management and appropriate prioritization of activities in this area. The main goal of waste management is prevention, minimization and elimination of wastes “at source”, as well as encouraging efficient use of natural resources through recovery and recycling of waste. Storage process should be minimalized over the years until the complete elimination. As shown by statistics data, unfortunately in Poland, the process is very slow. The analysis of the data provided by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) over the last thirteen years shows a significant increase in the level of recovery and recycling of municipal waste. All together it was 11.654 million Mg of municipal waste collected in 2016. Wastes selected from municipal waste (paper, glass, plastics, metals) acco...

Assessment of changes in the municipal waste accumulation in Poland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The aim of the work was to assess the effectiveness of municipal waste management in Poland over the period 2012–2017, considering the accumulation of waste collected selectively and non-selectively per capita and the changes resulting from the implementation of Directives 1999/31/EC and 2008/98/EC in Polish legislation. Within 6 years, noticeable changes in the country initiated by the EU and national legislation indicated an increase in the amount of waste to be recovered. However, the achieved efficiency of limiting the deposited waste at the level of 20% was moderate, despite the existence of infrastructure allowing for increased recovery. The analysis of the efficiency of waste management showed a certain convergence of the increase in the amount of generated waste and gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, the increase in accumulated organic waste per capita in all three dimensions of time was the most significant and exceeded 20%.

Waste management and its possible development in the Slovak Republic

Agrár- és környezetjog, 2023

This paper analyses the climate impacts of the individual waste management activities expressed in the waste management hierarchy. The author seeks to include the mentioned impacts in the Slovak reality of waste management. Moreover, this paper includes foreign approaches to municipal waste management and the analysis of the extent of merits and demerits of waste-to-energy plants. Herein, the author seeks to assess the current possibilities of heat and electricity production from municipal waste. According to the waste management hierarchy, the wasteto-energy approach is better and more suitable than waste landfilling (waste disposal). However, it must not collide with higher methods of waste management hierarchy. The mentioned principle should be respected when performing the waste-to-energy approach; however, some types of materials are not suitable for higher methods of the waste management hierarchy, such as personal protective equipment, including facemasks, protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments, or equipment predominantly designed to protect the wearer9s body from infection by COVID-19. Per my perspective, these waste materials are highly suitable for waste-to-energy production because of their depreciation caused by the possible infection. Therefore, the methods of prevention, re-use, or recycling are not applicable to them. However, these objects have the potential to serve as sources of energy. In my knowledge, Slovak legislation has not responded in a specific legislative way that would state how to manage the aforementioned objects. Thus, in general, this paper elucidates the possible development of waste-to-energy plants in the Slovak Republic and also describes the author9s approach to the opportunities of the landfill backdown in the Slovak legal environment.

Trends in Municipal Waste Generation and Treatment in Romania. Comparative Statistics with the EU Average

Ovidius University Annals Economic Sciences Series, 2023

Although European Union statistics show that municipal waste is a small part of the total waste generated, their analysis is important, due to the complexity of the sources of generation and treatment, but also of the consumption patterns specific to each individual member state. The present research will analyze the indicators regarding the generation and treatment of municipal waste in Romania over a period of 10 years, compared to the average of the European Union. Through this analysis, we will be able to observe a trend in Romania, but also what is the current stage of reaching the targets set at the level of the European Union related to the generation and treatment of municipal waste. The indicators taken into account are the amount of municipal waste generated expressed in kg/capita, the amount of municipal waste treated (total and by treatment operations) expressed in kg/capita and the recycling rate of municipal waste expressed in percentage. The main source for statistical data extraction was the statistical office of the European Union (Eurostat), in order to ensure a comparable and objective picture of the indicators.

A Comparative Analysis of Municipal Waste Management Systems

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016

Waste management is important in the activities of local authorities. Therefore, attention to waste management is reflected in the nature of a commune. The system analysis of chosen waste management is significant due to the need to improve the activities undertaken to achieve the best results. The aim of such a work was a comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste commune systems in two local government units within the Małopolska region of Poland. The subjects of comparative analysis of waste management systems were two selected communes of different sizes located within the same county. The study included the quantity and quality of collected municipal waste and indicators of their accumulation in 2007-10. On the basis of the conducted analysis that the inhabited commune had a larger number of inhabitants and with a larger surface area, the waste disposal was carried out more frequently by a substantial amount of subjects. The commune has also identified significantly more than 3.5 times the average of total waste. In both communities and regardless of the noted differences a growing trend of the quantities selectively waste collected were about 32% lower in the commune with fewer inhabitants, in which waste collection of paper and cardboard generated no result. Generally conducted in both communes, recovery contributed for favorable weight limitations the assembled waste on an average of 30 %. Dealt with in the period of waste accumulation indicators begins to differentiated an average increase of 14 kg·person-1 ·year-1 , and 2 Mg·km-2 in favor of more commune. As significant was in the municipality of year 2009, in which it were achieved the highest values of amounts of the collected the and sent to the assembled waste, the highest indicators of waste accumulation, in despite of made note the highest number of inhabitants in the next year.