Levels of Metals in Kidney, Liver, and Muscle Tissue and their Influence on the Fitness for the Consumption of Wild Boar from Western Slovakia (original) (raw)
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Balkan Journal of Wildlife Research
In the present study, concentrations of heavy metals viz. chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and a metalloid selenium (Se) were examined in kidney, liver and muscle tissues of 15 brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and 9 wild boars (Sus scrofa) obtained from Kırıkkale province located in central Turkey. Significant variation in the concentrations of the studied heavy metals in the selected tissues was recorded. Mean concentrations of Cr (1.02 mg/kg), Mn (6.00 mg/kg), Se (1.15 mg/kg) and Cd (4.49 mg/kg) were the highest in hare kidney compared to other tissues, whereas concentrations of Cu (2.34 mg/kg) and Zn (40.51 mg/kg) were the highest in hare liver, and Pb (7.83 mg/kg) was the highest in hare muscle. On the other hand, mean concentrations of Cr (1.82 mg/kg), Cu (1.25 mg/kg), Se (3.55 mg/kg) and Cd (3.05 mg/kg) were the highest in boar kidney compared to liver and muscle tissues, whereas concentrations of Mn (3.89 mg/kg) and Pb (0.75 mg/kg) were the highest in boar liver, and Zn (45.65 mg/kg) was the highest in boar muscle. Strong positive significant correlations were found between Cr and Hg, and between Cu and Pb concentrations in kidney in all wild boar samples. There were also strong positive significant correlations between Cd and Pb concentrations in liver and Cd and Pb concentrations in muscle in all hare samples. Our results revealed that Hg (1/9 boar kidney; 4/15 hare kidney), Cr (9/9 boar all three tissues; 9/15 hare kidney and 11/15 hare liver), Pb (4/9 boar muscle; 5/15 hare liver, 15/15 hare muscle) and Cd (9/9 boar all three tissues; 15/15 hare all three tissues) concentrations detected in wild boar and hare tissues in the present study were higher than the hygienic limits.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
This study examined the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the liver and kidney samples of golden jackals (n = 163) and red foxes (n = 64). Additionally, we studied how sex affected element concentration in both species, and in the case of golden jackals, how concentration levels were affected by age.Liver was the most important storage organ for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while kidney for Cd and Na in jackals and foxes.We found no sex-related differences in concentration of any of the selected elements in fox samples. In jackals, the mean concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn were significantly higher in kidneys of males, while Zn and Cu had higher concentrations in female livers. Our results suggest bioaccumulation processes do not occur in mesocarnivores.Lead and Cd concentrations fell within ranges accepted as normal for canine species and were below toxic levels in the organs of the examined species. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were far ...
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2017
Mineral composition (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Cr, Co, Ni, Na, K, Mg, Ca) and toxic element levels (Cd, Pb, Hg, As) of soil, feed and tissue (muscle, liver and kidney) from intensive (Swedish Landrace, housed indoors, fed a known diet, 4 years) and extensive (Mangulica, free-roaming, non-specified diet, 7-8 months) pigs was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Controlled nutrition produced pigs with higher concentrations of most minerals (muscle: Mn
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2012
The aim of the present study was to determine heavy metal reference levels for exposure and risk assessment studies on a local scale. We measured lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) content in edible tissues and organs of wild boars harvested in different areas of the Province of Viterbo, Central Italy. The average levels of cadmium recorded in 75 wild boars were 0.085, 0.079 and 1.052 mg Cd kg-1 wet weight (w.w.) in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The majority of the muscle samples and some of the liver samples contained levels of heavy metal that were over the legal limit [EU Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs)] for pigs. Our data are similar to or lower than the values reported in most of the available literature. For Pb concentration, the average values recorded were 0.318, 0.126 and 0.298 mg kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The samples that were non-compliant with regulatory limits (MRLs) for pigs were registered only for muscle. Available data on the presence of Pb content in game meat report lower values than ours, most likely because the area around the bullet path was avoided while sampling. The average values of total Cr were 0.141, 0.139 and 0.097 mg kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. For Zn, the mean values were 49.76, 53.21 and 32.46 mg kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. Cu content was 46.12, 12.20 and 5.64 mg Cu kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The results obtained have been validated on the basis of the scarce and inconsistent Italian literature available and on international studies.
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2012
The aim of the present study was to determine heavy metal reference levels for exposure and risk assessment studies on a local scale. We measured lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) content in edible tissues and organs of wild boars harvested in different areas of the Province of Viterbo, Central Italy. The average levels of cadmium recorded in 75 wild boars were 0.085, 0.079 and 1.052 mg Cd kg-1 wet weight (w.w.) in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The majority of the muscle samples and some of the liver samples contained levels of heavy metal that were over the legal limit [EU Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs)] for pigs. Our data are similar to or lower than the values reported in most of the available literature. For Pb concentration, the average values recorded were 0.318, 0.126 and 0.298 mg kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The samples that were non-compliant with regulatory limits (MRLs) for pigs were registered only for muscle. Available data on the presence of Pb content in game meat report lower values than ours, most likely because the area around the bullet path was avoided while sampling. The average values of total Cr were 0.141, 0.139 and 0.097 mg kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. For Zn, the mean values were 49.76, 53.21 and 32.46 mg kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. Cu content was 46.12, 12.20 and 5.64 mg Cu kg-1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The results obtained have been validated on the basis of the scarce and inconsistent Italian literature available and on international studies.
Does gender influence the levels of heavy metals in liver of wild boar?
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2017
The aim of this study was to determine heavy metal reference levels for risk assessment studies. For this purpose, the levels of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc were determined in liver tissues of wild boars sampled in NW Spain. The mean values were 0.383, 0.326, 23.50 and 56.86mg/kg dried weight, respectively. In general, the levels detected were similar to or lower than the levels reported in literature. This study not only provides a useful baseline for biomonitoring the levels of the analyzed contaminants in wildlife in NW Spain, it also helps to understand the effects of gender on the levels of these elements. Similar to studies performed in other geographical regions, no significant gender-related differences could be detected. Although differences were not significant, the levels of zinc, cadmium and lead were modestly higher in males (55.78, 0.346 and 0.424mg/kg, respectively) compared to females (45.25, 0.305 and 0.341mg/kg). Our results indicate that, although gender did no...
Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 2019
The aim of the presented study was to assess the heavy metal burden in biotopes of wild living animals of two distinct industrially exploited areas in Slovakia. 411 samples of various tissues (lung, liver, kidney, spleen, heart and muscle) of red deer, roe deer, mouflon, chamois, wild boar, European brown hare, fox, European brown marten, European badger, gray wolf, brown bear, wildcat, red squirrel, European polecat, alpine marmot, and European otter were collected from the localities between 2014 and 2018. Concentrations of mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, nickel, copper and zinc were determined using Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Significant correlations (p ˂ 0.05, t = 0.03162) of metal levels in each locality and differences between the animals species were recorded. We have found important heavy metal burden in a relatively clean area-Tatra National Park that is legislatively protected and restricted in any industrial activity. In the Zemplín region, the examined heavy metal levels confirm permanent pollution by intensive heavy industrialization. Mostly mercury (29 %) was the metal that exceeded the legal limits permitted for human consumption, then cadmium (28 %) and lead (23 %). Concentration of chromium did not exceed the limit in any sample. The most burdened animal species was wild boar.