Cardiovascular Health Effects of Shift Work with Long Working Hours and Night Shifts: Study Protocol for a Three-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study on Industrial Workers (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
There is an abundance of literature reporting an association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have examined early manifestation of CVD using advanced modern methodology. We established a group of 65 shift workers and 29 day workers (controls) in two industrial plants. For the shift workers, the shift schedule includes rotating shifts with day, evening and nightshifts, some day and nightshifts lasting for 12 h. The current paper describes cross-sectional data in a study running for three years. We collected background data by questionnaire and measured blood pressure, heart rate, lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined arterial stiffness (central blood pressure, augmentation pressure and index, and pulse wave velocity) by the use of SphygmoCor® (AtCor Medical Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia) and the carotid arteries by ultrasound. We assessed VO2max by bicycle ergometry. We applied linear and logistic regression to ...
Shift work and cardiovascular disease – pathways from circadian stress to morbidity
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 2010
In order to establish a causal relation between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we need to verify the pathways from the former to the latter. This paper aims to review the current knowledge of the mechanisms between shift work and CVD. Shift work can increase the risk of CVD by several interrelated psychosocial, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms. The psychosocial mechanisms relate to difficulties in controlling working hours, decreased work-life balance, and poor recovery following work. The most probable behavioral changes are weight gain and smoking. The plausible physiological and biological mechanisms are related to the activation of the autonomic nervous system, inflammation, changed lipid and glucose metabolism, and related changes in the risk for atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes. The data provide evidence for possible disease mechanisms between shift work and CVD, but compelling evidence on any specific mechanism is missing.
Shift-work and cardiovascular disease: a population-based 22-year follow-up study
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2010
Studies on the association between shift-work and cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular coronary heart disease (CHD), have given conflicting results. In this prospective population-based study we assessed the association of shift-work with three endpoints: CHD mortality, disability retirement due to CVD, and incident hypertension. A cohort of 20,142 adults (the Finnish Twin Cohort) was followed from 1982 to 2003. Type of working time (daytime/nighttime/shift-work) was assessed by questionnaires in 1975 (response rate 89%) and in 1981 (84%). Causes of death, information on disability retirement and hypertension medication were obtained from nationwide official registers. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) for each endpoint by type of working time. Adjustments were made for 14 socio-demographic and lifestyle covariates. 76.9% were daytime workers and 9.5% shift-workers both in 1975 and in 1981. During the follow-up, 857 deaths due to CHD, 721 disability retirements due to CVD, and 2,642 new cases of medicated hypertension were observed. However, HRs for shift-work were not significant (mortality HR men 1.09 and women 1.22; retirement 1.15 and 0.96; hypertension 1.15 and 0.98, respectively). The results were essentially similar after full adjustments for all covariates. Within twin pairs, no association between shift work and outcome was observed. Our results do not support an association between shift-work and cardiovascular morbidity.
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021
Background: This study aimed to study the association between shift work and incident and fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to explore modifying and mediating factors. Methods: This is a population-based, prospective cohort study with a median follow-up of 11 years; 238 661 UK Biobank participants who were in paid employment or selfemployed at baseline assessment were included. Results: Shift workers had higher risk of incident [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.19] and fatal (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.44) CVD compared with non-shift workers, after adjusting for socioeconomic and work-related factors. The risk was higher with longer duration of shift work, in women and in jobs with little heavy manual labour. Current smoking, short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, adiposity, higher glycated haemoglobin and higher cystatin C were identified as the main potentially modifiable mediators. Mediators collectively explained 52.3% of the associations between shift work and incident CVDs. Conclusions: Shift workers have higher risk of incident and fatal CVD, partly mediated through modifiable risk factors such as smoking, sleep duration and quality, adiposity and metabolic status. Workplace interventions targeting these mediators have the potential to alleviate shift workers' CVD risk.
Shift work and its effects on the cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 2008
The practice of shift-work scheduling has long been part of normal work duties in emergency services such as health and security. it is only recently, in the wake of growing job opportunities and booming industries, where more employees are needed to keep services running over 24-hour periods that studies on the effects of shift work on workers' health have begun to delve deeper. The desynchronisation that occurs in circadian rhythms, with respect to sleep cycles, predisposes employees to coronary heart disease, gastrointestinal disturbances, increased risk of breast cancer and poor pregnancy outcomes. This literature review focuses on circadian rhythms, their molecular components, disturbances of these rhythms as a result of shift work and the adverse effects thereof on the cardiovascular system.
Interaction between Shift Work and Established Coronary Risk Factors
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Background: Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work. Objective: To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction. Methods: This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45–70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis. Results: There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) f...
Industrial Health
Rotating shift work is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study compared the CVD risk score in 129 male line workers aged 22-49 years on different shifts in a medium-sized metal production factory from 2017 to 2020. We classified workers into four groups: permanent day shift, weekly rotation involving five consecutive nights, weekly rotation involving 3-4 consecutive nights, and monthly rotation involving two consecutive nights. We used the Framingham Risk Score to estimate the 30-yr risks of general and hard CVD (CVD risk estimates). We investigated the differences in CVD risk estimates between different groups using linear mixed models. The average 30-yr Framingham CVD risk estimates of each group ranged from 17.5% to 31.2% for general CVD and from 10.5% to 20.5% for hard CVD. Workers on weekly rotations involving 3-5 consecutive nights had 5%-10% significantly higher CVD risk estimates than workers on the permanent day shift. Workers on weekly rotations also had 6%-8% higher BMI-based CVD risk estimates than those on the monthly rotation involving two consecutive nights. While 24-h shift rotations are unavoidable, our findings underscored the potential CVD risk among workers on weekly rotations involving more consecutive nights.
The impact of shift work on cardiovascular diseases among nurses
Zdravje delovno aktivne populacije / Health of the Working-Age Population, 2017
Shift work is defined as the work, which is time-permanently or frequently disposed outside the standard operating time. It affects the majority of bodily functions which are synchronized with the 24-hour circadian rhythm. The most pronounced impact on sleep, on an autonomous vegetative processes and the ability to work. Nurses in order to ensure quality and continuous care work within these flexible working time, which still remains a necessary form of their work. Numerous studies have shown that age and the years of doing shift work among nurses increases susceptibility to internal desinhronisation and thus to a reduced tolerance for shift work, which is manifested by the appearance of health problems associated with shift work. Neurovegetative reactions in response to the collapse of the circadian rhythm, leading to increased hormonal reactions, which together with other risk factors lead to an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. A review of Slovenian and foreign scientific literature confirm and reduce the existence of evidence to support the theory on the impact of shift work on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in nurses. The findings show solutions, because we are faced with the need to define additional strategies that will reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in nurses and the negative consequences in health care institutions and the general public policy.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk in shift healthcare workers
European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 2008
Background Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); in particular, night work affects the circadian rhythm. Design and methods The study examines the effectiveness of three screening methods and plasma hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor, in assessing the risk of CVD in 147 healthcare providers doing daytime or rotational shift work. The methods applied were: (i) the method proposed by the European Cardiovascular Indicators Surveillance Set (EUROCISS); (ii) the metabolic syndrome (MS) criteria of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATPIII) and (iii) the MS criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results EUROCISS was unable to distinguish between the CVD risk of daytime and rotational shift workers. Both the ATPIII and the IDF detected MS, which is strongly associated with CVD, but only the IDF evidenced a significantly greater prevalence of MS (P < 0.05) among shift workers. Hyperhomocysteinemia was unable to discriminate the CVD risk between daytime and shift workers, as it was influenced by multiple confounding factors. Conclusions The increased risk of CVD associated with shift work is related to the greater incidence of MS among these workers. In our study a high prevalence of MS was detected only with the IDF. The method is useful for CVD prevention and the promotion of health during any medical examination of shift workers. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 15:224-229