Hepatoprotective and Antidyslipidemic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Garcinia Kola Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2015
The chemopreventive and hepatoprotective properties of different doses of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seeds on alloxan-induced diabetic rats were studied. Thirty six male Wistar rats weighing 140.25±3.56 g were randomly divided into six groups (A-F) comprising six animals each. Group A, served as the normal control (no treatment). Animals in groups B, which served as the diabetic control, were induced with diabetes by diabetogenic dose of alloxan (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Animals in groups C-F which were induced with diabetes were also administered 1 ml of Glibenclamide (reference antidiabetic drug), 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seeds respectively. Treatment with the extract lasted for 14 days. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, proteins, glycosides, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, starch, steroids and triterpenoids. Administration of the extract at 120 mg/kg body weight clea...
Evaluation of metabolic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Garcinia kola on diabetic rats
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Garcinia kola (G. kola), is a plant characterized by its hypoglycemic properties. We recently reported our findings on the extracts of G. kola, in which we found that it prevented the loss of inflammation-sensible neuronal populations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the present study we assessed the effect of G. kola bioactive compounds extracted successively with water, hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and butanol. through analyzing biochemical markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic function in STZ-induced diabetic animals. Animals made diabetic by a single injection with STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), were treated daily with either vehicle solution, insulin, or G. kola extracts and its fractions from the first to the 6th-week postinjection. Biochemical markers; glucose, insulin, C-peptide, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatinine kinase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA), resistin, soluble E-selectin (SE-Selectin), and C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels in the sera were determined in the study groups. A marked increase in blood glucose (209.26% of baseline value), and a decrease in body weight (À12.37%) were observed in diabetic control animals but not in animals treated with either insulin or G. kola extracts and its fractions. The sub-fraction F5, G. kola ethyl acetate had the highest bioactive activities, with a maintenance of blood sugar, malondialdehyde, C-peptide, E-selectin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) to levels and responses comparable to healthy non-diabetic vehicle group and the positive control diabetic insulin-treated group. Our findings suggest that G. kola may have a strong therapeutic potential against T1DM and its microvascular complications.
Annals Biol …, 2012
The effects of gavage treatment with Garcinia kola seeds on biochemical markers of liver functionality in diabetic rats were evaluated. A total of thirty (30) male albino wistar rats weighing between 240 -250g were divide into six (6) groups of five (5) animals per group (n=5). The first two groups of rats; the non-diabetic control and nondiabetic treated groups received by gavage normal saline and 600mg/kg b.w of Garcinia kola seed powder suspended in normal saline (GKP) respectively. The last four groups which were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate had one diabetic control group that received normal saline and three (3) diabetic treated groups which got 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 900mg/kg of GKP respectively. GKP was administered twice daily for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and blood collected through cardiac puncture from where serum was obtained for biochemical analysis. GKP treatment significantly attenuated serum glucose, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and urea levels of diabetic rats. It also significantly increased albumin concentration at a high dosage while significantly reducing the relative liver weight of diabetic rats. These findings therefore suggest that GKP is not only hypoglycaemic but also has the capacity to protect against liver damage secondary to diabetes mellitus.
INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF GARCINIA KOLA (BITTER KOLA) AS AN ANTIDIABETIC
International Journal of General Medicine and Pharmacy (IJGMP), 2018
Evaluation of the mechanism of action of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) as an ant diabetic. Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and it is now a worldwide epidemic. Currently available drugs are expensive and have side effects that can compromise compliance in patients. There is an urgent need to introduce drugs that are effective and that have less troublesome side effects. The objective of this study was to examine the antidiabetic activity and mechanism of action of Garcinia kola seed used traditionally to treat diabetes. Garcinia kola was evaluated for its ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase as a possible mechanism of action. In vitro method was used and alpha-glucosidase from two sources, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. The alpha-glucosidase was exposed to different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola (bitter kola). Our results indicate that Garcinia kola inhibited alpha-glucosidase from the two sources, an indication that it acts like acarbose (that is already marketed for the treatment of diabetes) and may be useful in treating hyperglycemia.
F. O. Adedugbe, 2019
The study investigated the efficacy of solvent extracts of bark of Garcinia kola to elicit hypoglycemic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty (40) rats were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups of five each. Group 1 was designated as non-diabetic rats on distilled water (NDDW) which served as the control; group 2 had diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of Garcinia kola bark (DEEB); group 3 consisted diabetic rats on normal saline extract of Garcinia kola bark (DNSB); group 4 had diabetic rats on grounded bark of Garcinia kola bark (DGDB); group 5 contained diabetic rats on ethanol only (DETH), group 6 had diabetic rats on normal Saline (DNSL); group 7 had diabetic rats on distilled water (DDSW); while group 8 was designated as diabetic rats on antidiabetic drug (DADD). The dose for administration was 250 mg/ kg body weight of the extracts daily for a period of four weeks. The blood glucose levels, serum protein, total protein, total lipids, and cholesterol of liver, kidney and heart were estimated and other biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) as markers of tissue damage, were also determined. The plasma glucose, total lipids and cholesterol levels were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) in the diabetic rats treated with normal saline extracts and the grounded bark of G. kola when compared with the control rats. The overall results suggests hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the bark of Garcinia kola which could be exploited for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus.
West African journal of medicine
Diabetes mellitus is a debilitating metabolic disorder in which strict glycaemic control and prevention of associated complication s are of crucial importance. In view of the increasing interest in the use of plant sources for treatment of diabetes and the conflicts arising from literatures over the antidiabetic action of Garcinia Kola seeds, the effects of acute and chronic administration of methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola on blood glucose in normglycaemic, hyperglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated. 140 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 -220g were used. Half of the animals were rendered diabetic by administering alloxan (150 mg/kg), while a quarter were injected 50% dextrose (4 mg/kg) and the last quarter were normaglycaemic rats. The rats were variously adminstered methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola (100, 200 mg/kg), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg), human insulin lente (1 I.U./kg) and distilled water. Methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola produced significant blood glucose-lowering effects in normoglycaemic (p< 0.05), hyperglycaemic (p < 0.05) and in alloxan-induced diabetic (p < 0.001) rats when compared to the contrals. The extract was more effective in reducing the blood glucose concentrations of diabetic rats than in reducing the blood glucose concentrations of normoglycaemic effects produced by the 2 different doses of extract used. Methanolic extract of the seeds of Garcinia kola has a pronounced blood glucose-lowering effect in alloxan-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats comparable to those of standard anti-diabetic drugs and is therefore a potential agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015
The phytochemical screening and biochemical effects of methanol extract of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) on alloxan induced diabetes was studied using standard methods in order to determine the potential of this seed. Twenty five (25) male Wistar (albino) rats used as the experimental organisms were divided into (5) groups designated A, B, C, D and E with (5) animals per group. Groups A and B which were non-diabetic control and nondiabetic test were treated with normal saline (0.5 mL/kgbody weight) and 50 mg/kg body weight of Garcinia kola extract respectively. Groups C, D and E which were made diabetic using alloxan monohydrate had one diabetic untreated group that received normal saline (0.5 mL/kg body weight) and two diabetic treated groups that received reference drug (gliben clamide) (50 mg/kgbody weight) and 50 mg/kgbody weight of Garcinia kola extract respectively. After every treatment, blood samples were collected from the test organisms through tail vein puncture and their respective blood glucose concentration was measured with gm glucometer at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h for three (3) days. It was observed that Garcinia kola methanol extract treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level. The result of the phytochemical screening which was analyzed using standard analytical method revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycocides while alkaloids were absent. From the finding in this prospective study, Garcinia kola extract has useful pharmacological bioactive compounds and as such could be used in ethno-medicine for the treatment of diabetes and other ailments.
Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2010
The effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seed on glucose, superoxide dismutase catalase and malondialdehyde of normal rats were investigated. Oral administration of aqueous seed extract of Garcinia kola at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight, over a period of 21 days, significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of blood glucose, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), and that of malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Our treatment however, had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the activity of catalase. The elicitation of these effects by the plant is a reflection of its hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties.
Antidiabetic and antiulcerative potential of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. bark
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Background: Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. has been used by many ethnic communities of Northeast India to mitigate various disorders like dyspepsia, ulcers, diabetes, etc. However, a robust scientific study on its antidiabetic and antiulcer potential is unavailable till date. The aim of this present study is to scientifically validate if the antidiabetic and antiulcer effects reported by the ethnic tribes of Assam has any scientific value or not. The effects were tested in adult Wistar albino rats using approved animal models for preclinical testing of pharmacological activities. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. was prepared and its LD 50 was calculated. The LD 50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract at doses of 250 mg/ kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight was found to exhibit a very potent dose-dependent antidiabetic activity. The results were backed by a battery of test including analysis of serum levels of blood glucose, lipid profiles, in vivo antioxidant enzymes, and histopathological studies. Evidence of dose-dependent antiulcer activity of the extract was backed by robust scientific data. It was found that HAEGL induced a significant dose-dependent increase in the ulcer index in both alcohol-induced and acetic acid-induced ulcer models, which was evident from the macroscopic observation of the inner lining of the gastric mucosa and the histological evaluation of the extracted stomach. Conclusion: The results suggested that the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia (Roxb.) has significant antidiabetic and antiulcer potential. Further studies with respect to the development herbal dosage forms and its safety evaluation are required.