Design of modified plastic surfaces for antimicrobial applications: Impact of ionizing radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (original) (raw)
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Polymer Bulletin, 2001
LDPE films were modified via direct γ-radiation grafting of acrylamide (AAm) from its 30% aqueous solution. Equilibrium swelling of the grafted samples in water, and a water/PAAm molar ratio in the swelled films were determined as a function of PAAm content. Contact angles formed by sessile drops of water or diiodomethane on the starting and modified LDPE were measured with following calculation of a surface energy in these samples. A gradual filling of LDPE surface with PAAm as well as changes in hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of the composition during the grafting process was discussed. It has been found an essential increase in surface energy of the modified LDPE up to ~15% of the grafted PAAm content with a further stabilization of the energy value.
Modifications of polypropylene surface properties by alpha ionizing radiation
Applied Surface Science, 2000
. A copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene PPrEPR was irradiated using alpha particles under three different Ž . atmospheres. First, samples were irradiated by alpha particles 4.3 MeV in a gas-tight chamber under either dry or moist air. Next, irradiation was carried out under a 4 = 10 y4 Pa vacuum. Pristine and treated sample surfaces were studied by Ž . Attenuated Total Reflectance infrared spectroscopy FT-IRrATR . It was possible to ascertain that the chemical modifications produced differ according to the atmosphere during irradiation. Under vacuum, vinylic bonds were created. In moist air, carbonyl bonds were formed; and in dry air, both kinds of bonds were produced. In each case, a decrease in the number of C H bonds after irradiation was noted. As polypropylene is widely used in the automobile industry for parts like dashboards and bumpers, this study could be useful for many of the industry's applications. Indeed, it has been determined that, along with chemical modifications generated from the surface of the irradiated copolymer, an increase in its surface free energy results in greater wettability to certain liquids, such as water, formamide and diiodomethane. q
Effect of ion beam irradiation on the surface properties of biodegradable plastics
Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 2013
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2010
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of electron beam irradiation on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with bioactive Mackerel-derived hydroxyapatite (MHAp), used for promoting the application in bone regeneration field. The PLA were compounded with 2-10 phr MHAp and were exposed to electron beam irradiation dosages of 10-30 kGy. The results from tensile test and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the reinforcing and nucleating effect of MHAp on PLA matrix effectively improved the tensile strength and crystallinity of pristine PLA. Without the addition of MHAp, an increase in irradiation dosages (>10 kGy) gradually decreased the mechanical properties and gel content of unfilled PLA. In contrast, the increasing irradiation dosage up to 20 kGy enhanced the mechanical properties and gel content of MHAp added PLA composites. Such improvement effect is also found to be more significant for samples containing higher loading levels of MHAp that could promote the formation of higher degree of crosslinking network. By this higher crosslinking effect on restricting the polymer chains mobility for extendability and crystallization, the subsequent reduction in the elongation at break and crystallinity of PLA/MHAp samples is thus more prominent for higher loading level of MHAp (�6 phr) under the increasing irradiation dosages. However, the crystallinity could be increased by further increasing irradiation dose up to 30 kGy due to the occurrence of recrystallization as promoted by the nucleating effect of MHAp particles.
Surface modification of polypropylene film by radiation-induced grafting and its blood compatibility
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003
In order to improve the adhesion properties of polypropylene on a thin aluminium layer deposited under vacuum, a superficial modification of the polymer has been carried out by exposing the polymer surface to a microwave plasma from gas of different nature and composition. The concentration of the present species in the sample proximity (downstream) has been measured by emission spectroscopy. Superficial polymer modifications have been analysed by ESCA and by measuring contact angles with polar and apolar liquids. The adhesion measurements have been performed by pull-off tests. The wettability increase has been attributed to the creation of a very thin superficial layer which is partially soluble in methanol and includes carboxylic and ethylenic functions being observed by ESCA. Wettability and adhesion depend on the composition of the gas mixture used. They increase with the atomic oxygen quantities which are created in the discharge and carried away in post-discharge by the gas flow. A relationship has been established between the tensile stress values obtained by the pull-off test and the polar interaction values measured during dewetting. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Zur Verbesserung der Adhasionseigenschaften von Polypropylenfilmen fur unter Vakuum aufgebrachte dunne Aluminiumschichten wurde die Polymeroberflache durch Einwirkung von Mikrowellenplasma unterschiedlicher Art und Zusammensetzung modifiziert. Die Konzentration der in der Probenumgebung befindlichen Spezies wurde mit der Emissionsspektroskopie bestimmt. Die Eigenschaftsanderungen der Polymeroberflache wurden mittels ESCA und durch Messung der Kontaktwinkel an
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2008
Polypropylene (PP) films were modified by the consecutive grafting of N,N 0 -dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) (two-step method) using preirradiation method with gamma-rays. The effect of absorbed dose, monomer concentration and reaction time on the degree of grafting was determined. The grafted samples were verified by the FTIR-ATR spectroscopy; thermal properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the stimuli-responsive behavior was studied by swelling and contact angle in water as well as DSC. Thermoresponsive films of (PP-g-DMAAm)-g-NIPAAm presented a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 36.5 1C.
Polymer Bulletin, 2002
Radiation grafting of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) and 4vinylpyridine (4-VP) from the 50% monomers solutions in toluene and dichloroethane onto polypropylene (PP) films was carried by their mutual γ-irradiation (one-step method). In the two-step method, the grafting of DMAEMA or 4-VP from their solutions in toluene was performed onto PP modified preliminary with the other polymer (poly4-VP or polyDMAEMA). It has been found that chemical structure of PP modified with the first grafted polymer affected the efficiency of the other monomer grafting by the second step.
Review: Radiation-induced surface modification of polymers for biomaterial application
Journal of Materials Science, 2014
The field of biomaterials is one of the fast growing and continuously dominating in medical arena for the last five decades. Biomaterials utilize various kinds of materials ranging from metals, polymers, ceramics and biological substances as an alternative for replacing/ assisting the functions of different parts of human system. Major issues associated with biomaterials are their properties and the biocompatibility which have to be addressed and resolved before promoting it to the market or clinical setting. In this scenario, polymers have emerged as a better candidate with versatile properties that make them ideal choice for biomedical applications. However, still the problem of biocompatibility limits the use of polymers in the human body. Several surface modification strategies are continuously evolving to improve the biocompatibility of polymers. This review initially outlines the polymers' biomedical applications and also elicits the immune aspects of biocompatibility. Further, a thorough attempt is made to summarize the radiation-induced surface modification of the polymers. This review will help us to keep abreast of the recent advances in the radiation-induced surface modification and also in promoting radiation as a probable candidate to enhance the biocompatibility of polymers.
Polymers, 2021
The interest in developing antimicrobial surfaces is currently surging with the rise in global infectious disease events. Radiation-induced graft copolymerization (RIGC) is a powerful technique enabling permanent tunable and desired surface modifications imparting antimicrobial properties to polymer substrates to prevent disease transmission and provide safer biomaterials and healthcare products. This review aims to provide a broader perspective of the progress taking place in strategies for designing various antimicrobial polymeric surfaces using RIGC methods and their applications in medical devices, healthcare, textile, tissue engineering and food packing. Particularly, the use of UV, plasma, electron beam (EB) and γ-rays for biocides covalent immobilization to various polymers surfaces including nonwoven fabrics, films, nanofibers, nanocomposites, catheters, sutures, wound dressing patches and contact lenses is reviewed. The different strategies to enhance the grafted antimicrob...