Low-Dose Acetazolamide in the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Case Series (original) (raw)

Management Strategies for Premenstrual Syndrome/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2008

U p to 90% of women of childbearing age report experiencing premenstrual symptoms at some point in their lives. A smaller subset (up to 20%) report severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that warrant treatment, and 3-8% are diagnosed as having a severe form known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). 1-3 This comprehensive review discusses the prevalence, etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of PMS/PMDD.

ISPMD consensus on the management of premenstrual disorders

Archives of women's mental health, 2013

The second consensus meeting of the International Society for Premenstrual Disorders (ISPMD) took place in London during March 2011. The primary goal was to evaluate the published evidence and consider the expert opinions of the ISPMD members to reach a consensus on advice for the management of premenstrual disorders. Gynaecologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and pharmacologists each formally presented the evidence within their area of expertise; this was followed by an in-depth discussion leading to consensus recommendations. This article provides a comprehensive review of the outcomes from the meeting. The group discussed and agreed that careful diagnosis based on the recommendations and classification derived from the first ISPMD consensus conference is essential and should underlie the appropriate management strategy. Options for the management of premenstrual disorders fall under two broad categories, (a) those influencing central nervous activity, particularly the modulatio...

New perspectives on the treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Archives of Women's Mental Health, 2002

Characteristics of the disorder Diagnostic criteria This disorder was first defined as Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder (LLPDD) in the DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). The criteria in the DSM-III-R focused on the difference in symptom severity between luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle: symptoms must worsen during the late luteal phase then disperse shortly after the onset of menses. Another key feature of the disorder is that, to fulfil diagnostic criteria, symptoms should be severe enough to interfere with the woman's social and/or occupational functioning. The symptomatology defined was primarily that of dysphoric mood, rather than physical symptoms (although most women seen for treatment have both types of symptoms). In DSM-IV, the term premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was adopted for the disorder, and it was listed, in appendix B, as a "depressive disorder not otherwise specified" (American Psychiatric Association, 1994

Premenstrual syndrome and its psychiatric ramifications

Annals of Saudi medicine

Premenstrual syndrome and its psychiatric ramifications To the Editor: The article by Drs. Perveen Rasheed and Latifa Saad Al-Sowailem is interesting and the first of its kind that describes the prevalence and predictors of premenstrual syndrome in Saudi Arabia.1 However, we have reviewed the literature on premenstrual syndrome [PMS] and premenstrual dysphoric disorder [PMDD].2 Further, we have also reported five cases of PMS and its psychological connections to premenstrual dysphoric disorder.3 In a related development, Al-Habeeb also briefly reviewed the pertinent data and reported a case of premenstrual manic disorder, and based on four reported cases in the world literature, proposed tentative research diagnostic criteria.4 We observed that the two premenstrual syndromes with specific differentiating symptoms were etiologically attributed best to the dysregulation of central serotonergic and gabaergic systems and the noxious sex steroid hormonal milieu during normal cyclical ovulation. Further, the women with these syndromes, who need proper assessment, tests, and a correct diagnosis, respond effectively to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists, a novel contraceptive pill-Yasmin, cognitive-behavior therapy, lifestyle changes, and in addition, placebo. The oral contraceptive pill-Yasmin contains low-dose (30 microg) ethinylestradiol (EE) combined with a new progestogen, drospirenone (3 mg) (DRSP) and it offers better clinical efficacy for PMS/PMDD as a result of the unique pharmacological profile of this progestogen, which is a 17alpha-spirolactone derivative with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Notably, DRSP resembles endogenous progesterone. Unlike other oral contraceptives, it has very minimal effects on skin, appetite, food craving, mood changes

The biomedical standardization of premenstrual syndrome

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2008

This essay traces the history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in French, British, and American medical literature from 1950 to 2004. Aetiological theories, treatments and diagnostic criteria have varied over time and place, reflecting local conditions and changing notions of objectivity and evidence. During the 1970s researchers in each nation utilised different research strategies to overcome variation and contradictory results characteristic of PMS research. Since the 1980s, attempts have been made to standardise research internationally through prospective daily rating questionnaires that diagnose and measure PMS. Amidst controversy, a psychiatric reformulation of the syndrome was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). While the diagnostic criteria for this psychiatric category, now called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), are widely accepted for research purposes, efforts to transfer them to medical practice have been less successful. PMDD remains a contested disease construct.