Thermal Behavior of Tacca leontopetaloides Starch-Based Biopolymer (original) (raw)

Tacca Leontopetaloides Starch: New Sources Starch for Biodegradable Plastic

Procedia Engineering, 2013

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) based plastic is a promising material for solving various environmental issues. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the potential of Tacca leontopetaloides starch plasticized using glycerol and crude palm oil (CPO) as an aid in plastic development. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of CPO-TPS shows the samples have a lower limit since the bends undergo less disruption after degradability test was performed. The functional group of glycerol TPS was 100% disrupted after degradation test where no peaks observed by FTIR. The thermal decomposition of TPSs analyzed by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed Glycerol TPS gave similar thermal stability behavior as conventional TPS. However, glycerol TPS has faster degradation rate since the samples started to degrade at low temperature 70 C compared with conventional bio-plastic at 110 C. This finding shows the benefit of a new renewable source of starch as a bio-plastic. This is fiscible since starch is not a staple food for Malaysia population.

Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Derived from Natural Resources and Its Blends: A Review

Polymers

Thermoplastic starch composites have attracted significant attention due to the rise of environmental pollutions induced by the use of synthetic petroleum-based polymer materials. The degradation of traditional plastics requires an unusually long time, which may lead to high cost and secondary pollution. To solve these difficulties, more petroleum-based plastics should be substituted with sustainable bio-based plastics. Renewable and natural materials that are abundant in nature are potential candidates for a wide range of polymers, which can be used to replace their synthetic counterparts. This paper focuses on some aspects of biopolymers and their classes, providing a description of starch as a main component of biopolymers, composites, and potential applications of thermoplastics starch-based in packaging application. Currently, biopolymer composites blended with other components have exhibited several enhanced qualities. The same behavior is also observed when natural fibre is i...

Effects of Starch-Glycerol Concentration Ratio on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Bioplastics

Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia, 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different starch-glycerol concentration ratio on mechanical and thermal properties of cassava starch bioplastics. Bioplastics were prepared by mixing starch with glycerol at different starch-glycerol w/w ratio (2.5:1, 2.75:1, 3:1 and 3.5:1). Mechanical properties was evaluated by measuring tensile strength and elongation at break where thermal properties was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm) and melting enthalpy (ΔHm) of bioplastics. Microstructure and chemical interactions in bioplastics were evaluated by SEM and FTIR. The surface hydrophobicity was determined by measuring the water contact angle. The increase of starch-glycerol concentration in bioplastics formed rough surface where the interaction of glycerol and starch molecules mainly occurred through hydrogen bonds. It also formed stronger and more rigid structure with the increase in tensile strengt...

Thermal Behavior of Modified Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Synthesized from Sago (Metroxylon Sagu) with Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate and Castor Oil

2018

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to synthesize modified thermoplastic sago starch (TPS) through in-situ mechanism by reacting sago starch with diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and castor oil simultaneously, resulting in a more homogenous and finer-sized polyurethane prepolymer (PUP). Design/Methodology/Approach – The methods used were Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal characterization and stability of PUP, modified TPS non-extracted and extracted with toluene and water. Findings – TGA test results presented shows that PUP begins to decompose thermally at a temperature of 300–500 °C. Weight loss occurs rapidly between these temperatures and is completely discharged at a temperature of 500°C, which is called weight loss transition. Research Limitations/Implications – When extracted with toluene and a water solvent, the melting point and latent heat of fusion slightly decreased; however, it is still higher than the orig...

Characteristics of Bioplastic Made from Cassava Starch Filled with Fibers from Oil Palm Trunk at Various Amount

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020

Petroleum-based plastic causes a threat to the environment at the end of its use because it cannot decompose naturally. Therefore it is necessary to develop bioplastic for food packaging but has the same function as conventional plastic. Starch based bioplastic, generally made from cassava starch. The disadvantage of this bioplastic is its low mechanical strength and damage if exposed to water. One way to increase the mechanical strength of bioplastic is to add fiber. Oil palm trunks are the source of natural fiber that is available in considerable amounts. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of bioplastic from cassava starch with the addition of oil palm trunk fiber, in various amount. Bioplastics are made by heating a solution of cassava starch (tapioca: distilled water = 1:20) at 70 °C for 1 hour while stirring. After starch solution was gelatinized, glycerol (0.3%) and citric acid (1%) was added, and stirring was continued for 15 minutes. Oil palm fiber...

Fabrication and Characterization of Starch Based Bioplastics with Palm Oil Addition

Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia, 2019

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH BASED BIOPLASTICS WITH PALM OIL ADDITION. In this work, starch-based bioplastics in advancing its properties were positively arranged with the addition of palm oil. Starch-based bioplastics were produced by dry blending method and compression technique with mixing starch and glycerol (3:1, w/w) then adding palm oil at various concentration (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% w/w). Morphology of bioplastics presented that palm oil wrapped bioplastics granules which influenced hydrophobicity properties of bioplastics compared by increasing contact angle of bioplastics from 45.95 o (0% of palm oil) to 61.98 o (5% of palm oil). This result indicated that the addition of palm oil could develop the properties of bioplastics to hold absorbing water molecules. Moreover, the melting point of bioplastics also affected shifting temperature from 115 o C to be 100 o C that could save the energy needed during heating process. FTIR analysis showed that C=O group at wavenumber 1747 cm-1 was dependable the interaction between starch-glycerol and palm oil. Furthermore, the addition of palm oil would accelerate the biodegradation process. Although the mechanical properties of bioplastics have not increased, the addition of palm oil on bioplastics fabrication is an alternative to improve the characteristic of bioplastics, especially physical, thermal, hydrophobicity and biodegradation properties.

Rheological, Thermal, Superficial, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Achira Starch Modified with Lactic Acid and Oleic Acid

Molecules

The modification of achira starch a thermoplastic biopolymer is shown. Glycerol and sorbitol, common plasticizers, were used in the molten state with organic acids such as oleic acid and lactic acid obtaining thermodynamically more stable products. The proportion of starch:plasticizer was 70:30, and the acid agent was added in portions from 3%, 6%, and 9% by weight. These mixtures were obtained in a torque rheometer for 10 min at 130 °C. The lactic acid managed to efficiently promote the gelatinization process by increasing the available polar sites towards the surface of the material; as a result, there were lower values in the contact angle, these results were corroborated with the analysis performed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results derived from oscillatory rheological analysis had a viscous behavior in the thermoplastic starch samples and with the presence of acids; this behavior favors the transitions from viscous to elastic. The mixture of...

Effect of starch types on properties of biodegradable polymer based on thermoplastic starch process by injection molding technique

Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 2015

10 Due to limitations of thermoplastic starch (TPS), effect of starch types on properties 11 of biodegradable polymer based on TPS was investigated. Different types of starch; 12 containing different contents of amylose and amylopectin, were used, i.e. cassava starch, 13 mungbean starch and arrowroot starch. The TPS polymers were compounded and shaped 14 using an internal mixer and an injection molding machine, respectively. It was found that the 15 amount of amylose and amylopectin contents on native starch influence the properties of the 16 TPS polymer. The high amylose starch of TPMS led to higher strength, hardness, degree of 17 crystallization than the high amylopectin starch of TPCS. In addition, function group analysis 18 by Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), water absorption and 19 biodegradation by soil burial test were also examined. 20

A Preliminary Investigation Of Cassava Starch Potentials As Natural Polymer In Bioplastic Production

The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research, 2020

Starch consists of two types of molecules namely, amylosse and amylopectin .Amylose, a linear chain polymer constitutes about 20% of starch. It is more soluble in water, soluble in hot water but does not form gel while amylopectin is a branched chain polymer that constitutes about 80% of the starch. It is less soluble in water, soluble in hot but forms gel, hence the need for modification. In this study, Cassava starch was modified with distilled water, glycerol and vinegar. The cassava starch, distilled water, vinegar and glycerol were all weighed in required proportions into the beaker. 50g of cassava starch was weighed into a beaker, 10mls of vinegar was added. 20mls of glycerol was also added. The resulting mixture was thoroughly stirred to form a uniform suspension, the suspension was heated, and it was continuously stirred to avoid coagulation with increasing viscosity until gelatinization was achieved at about 100°C. The gel was spread on a smooth, hard surface and mechanically pressed to form sheets. The sheets were air dried to cure for 72hrs to 5% moisture content. The sheet was subjected to tensile test. Water was used as a solvent to first get the biopolymer (starch) into solution. When the solution was heated, the water helped the starch molecules to become disrupted and disordered (denatured). The reduction of starch hydrogen bonding was achieved in the presence of water. Water diffused into the starch granules and hydrogen bonds breaking down the intermolecular bonds of the starch molecules. Water helped the starch molecules to become disrupted and disordered. When the starch was heated with water, water interacted with hydroxyl

The correlation between crosslink density and thermal properties of high-density polyethylene/natural rubber/thermoplastic tapioca starch blends prepared via dynamic vulcanisation approach

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015

Dynamically vulcanised NR phase with sulphur crosslinker was investigated on the thermal properties of high-density polyethylene/natural rubber/thermoplastic tapioca starch (HDPE/NR/TPS) blends. The effect of dynamic vulcanisation on the crosslink density of the NR phase was characterised by using the gel content method and Fourier transform infrared analysis. In this blend system, TPS acted as a biodegradation agent and the incorporation of TPS generally caused a decrease in thermal stability and the degree of crystallinity. However, through the comparison of thermal degradation, dynamic vulcanised HDPE/NR/TPS blends proved to be superior to unvulcanised HDPE/NR/TPS counterparts. The better dimensional stability and enhanced compatibility between phases were obtained in dynamic vulcanisation blends, as observed in the dynamic mechanical analysis. Moreover, the improvement observed in thermal degradation of dynamic vulcanisation of HDPE/NR/TPS was also correlated with the crosslink formation within the NR phase.