Phasor Measurement Units Optimal Placement and Performance Limits for Fault Localization (original) (raw)
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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
This paper introduces an algorithm able to detect and localize the occurrence of a fault in an Active Distribution Network, using the measurements collected by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). First, a basic algorithm that works under the assumption that all grid buses are equipped with a PMU is designed. Then, formal observability conditions that allow detection and localization with a reduced number of PMUs are provided. Based on these conditions, the algorithm is extended to perform correctly when not all network buses are monitored. Moreover, an Optimal Positioning Algorithm, always based on the observability conditions, is designed. This algorithm allows the user to customize the fault localization resolution. The approach is validated through simulations carried out on a benchmark active distribution network.
Fault Location in Distribution Network Based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
The Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty
Nowadays, phasor measurement units have many applications in the power network. Fault location using the network’s impedance matrix and phasor measurement units (PMU) is a subject that has been recently brought to the location light. In this research, we review the effect of the increased number of PMUs on the precision of the fault location. The method presented in this study uses the impedance transferring between these units and the fault location based on the fault distance. In the suggested method, the uncertainty on the network’s parameters has been considered and using the least-squares of faults, we can obtain the most optimal response. The advantage of this method is that it is not affected by the fault type and resistance of the short connection. In the end, the suggested method is implemented on the 14 bus distribution network and its performance has been evaluated.
Fault Detection in Wide Area Monitoring Systems via PMU Optimal Placement
Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems
The Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have become more and more attractive in power engineering as they can provide synchronized measurements of real-time voltage and currents phasors. The objective of this work is twofold: first, the optimal placement of PMUs is done in the standardized IEEE systems. Next, fault location is determined based on the measurements collected from these PMUs. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB SIMULINK. The results show that it is possible to exploit the PMU measurement data to locate and hence cure the faults in the power system.
Event detection and localization in distribution grids with phasor measurement units
2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting
The recent introduction of synchrophasor technology into power distribution systems has given impetus to various monitoring, diagnostic, and control applications, such as system identification and event detection, which are crucial for restoring service, preventing outages, and managing equipment health. Drawing on the existing framework for inferring topology and admittances of a power network from voltage and current phasor measurements, this paper proposes an online algorithm for event detection and localization in unbalanced three-phase distribution systems. Using a convex relaxation and a matrix partitioning technique, the proposed algorithm is capable of identifying topology changes and attributing them to specific categories of events. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated on a standard test distribution feeder with synthesized loads, and it is shown that a tripped line can be detected and localized in an accurate and timely fashion, highlighting its potential for realworld applications.
An adaptive fault location algorithm for power system networks based on synchrophasor measurements
2014
This paper presents an adaptive fault location algorithm for power system networks based on synchronized phasor measurements obtained by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). To enhance its accuracy, the proposed algorithm is made to be independent of any data that shall be provided by the electric utility. The proposed algorithm requires three different sets of pre-fault voltage and current phasor measurements at both terminals of the faulty line to be obtained through PMUs. The three sets of local PMU measurements at each terminal are used for online calculation of the respective Thevenin's equivalent (TE). Using the method of multiple measurements with linear regression (MMLR), the three sets of PMU measurements are also employed for online calculation of the transmission line parameters. Online determination of the TEs and line parameters ensures avoiding any possible mismatch with the actual parameters due to system loading and other environmental conditions. The proposed method is applied to a 115 kV system selected from the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) network. The simulation results obtained using PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLABreveal that the proposed algorithm is highly accurate and independent of fault type, fault location, fault resistance, fault inception angle and pre-fault loading.
Robust Fault Location Using Least-Absolute-Value Estimator
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013
This paper presents a robust alternative to the previously developed method to reliably locate power-system faults using simultaneously recorded data from multiple locations. Automatic removal of corrupted measurements resulting from various factors (e.g., sensor breakdowns and cyberattacks) will be accomplished via the use of a least-absolute-value (LAV) estimator for fault location. Furthermore, inherent limitations of the approach imposed by sensor configurations as well as the effect of quantization errors incurred by low-precision sensors on the accuracy of estimated fault locations will be described. The performance of the overall algorithm will be tested and verified by fault scenarios on the IEEE 118-bus transmission grid. Index Terms-Bad measurement identification, cyberattack, fault location, synchronized measurements, traveling waves, wide-area protection. NOMENCLATURE Graph model for a transmission grid. Set of vertices (nodes) in the graph. Set of edges (branches) in the graph. Number of buses in the grid. Number of transmission lines in the grid. Number of deployed sensors in the grid. Time of arrival (ToA) of fault-originated traveling wave at Sensor " ." Wave-propagation time (delay) along Line " ". Length of Line " " (mi). Wave-propagation velocity for Line " " (mi/s).
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018
This paper presents an algorithm for detection and location of faults in large transmission network using the minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The transfer impedance between the fault point and the respective PMU buses, may be far away from the fault point, are used to define a non-linear set of voltage and current equations, which is then transformed into linear least square estimation problem where fault location is the unknown quantity. The algorithm starts by reducing the search area using a faulted bus identification index so as to speed-up the search process. Then considering all the transmission lines within the search area, a fault location identification index together with the fault location algorithm is used to identify the faulted line along with fault location. A PMU placement scheme, to find the minimum number of PMUs and their location, required for the proposed algorithm is also presented here. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated on the IEEE 14, 30, 39, and 118-bus systems for various fault conditions. Comparative results confirm that the number of PMUs obtained by the proposed placement scheme is minimum and sufficient for detection and location of faults irrespective of fault resistance and fault type.
International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2021
Fast and accurate locating of electrical faults along power networks enhances system reliability and continuity of supply, quick reclamation of the power supply and subsequently decreasing service outage time. This paper introduces a new technique for online tracking of fault location in distribution networks based on system measurements available from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Iterative Support Detection (ISD) technique. During and prefault, the voltages are measured by PMUs which are optimally located along the network. From the voltage change vector and system impedance matrix, a current change vector involving a nonzero element corresponds to the faulty point is obtained. Since PMUs are not placed at all buses, the acquired system equation is underdetermined. Therefore, ISD technique is used to solve and recover the current vector that is sparse in nature. The proposed method is verified by applying it to an 11-bus system, with and without the presence of Distributed Generation (DG). The method is then implemented on a 104-bus real distribution network in Egypt. Different case studies are presented considering the effect of fault resistance and measurement noises. A comparative study is proceeded to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. Results clarify that this method performs effectively for different network topologies and circumstances.
Complete power distribution system representation and state determination for fault location
The impedance-based approaches for fault location in power distribution systems determine a faulted line section. Next, these require of the voltages and currents at one or both section line ends to exactly determine the fault location. It is a challenge because in most of the power distribution systems, measurements are only available at the main substation. This document presents a modeling proposal for the power distribution system and an easy implementation method to estimate the voltages and currents at the faulted line section, using the measurements at the main substation, the line, load, transformer parameters and other serial and shunt connected devices and the power system topology. The approach here proposed is tested using a fault locator based on superimposed components, where the distance estimation error is lower than 1.5% in all of the cases.