Simulations of the LEDA LEBT H/sup +/ beam (original) (raw)
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LEDA Beam Operations Milestone and Observed Beam Transmission Characteristics
Recently, the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) portion of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project reached its 100-mA, 8-hr CW beam operation milestone. LEDA consists of a 75-keV proton injector, 6.7-MeV, 350-MHz CW radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with associated high-power and low-level rf systems, a short high-energy beam transport (HEBT) and high-power (670-kW CW) beam dump. During the commissioning phase it was discovered that the RFQ field level must to be approximately 5-10% higher than design in order to accelerate the full 100-mA beam with low losses. Measurements of a low-duty-factor, 100-mA beam show the beam transmission is unexpectedly low for RFQ field levels between ~90 and 105% of design. This paper will describe some aspects of LEDA operations critical to achieving the above milestone. Measurement and simulation results for reduced RFQ beam transmission near design operating conditions are also presented.
Simulations of the LEDA RFQ 6.7-MeV accelerator
Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.97CH36167), 1998
The codes PARMTEQM and RFQTRAK simulate the beam transport through the radio-frequency-quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator for the low-energy-demonstration accelerator (LEDA). They predict 95% transmission for a matched 110-mA proton beam with a normalized-rms emittance of 0.02 mm mrad. RFQTRAK simulates the effects of arbitrary vane-tip misalignments. This RFQ includes some new features in its design. It consists of four resonantly coupled 2-m-long segments that make up its 8-m length. It has higher vane-gap voltages at the highenergy end than the low-energy end. The entrance end of the RFQ has lower transverse focusing strength to facilitate beam matching. The exit of the RFQ has a transition cell and a radial-matching section. The exit radial-matching section matches the beam into the following accelerator.
Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) beam instrumentation: RFQ-accelerated beam results
Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366), 1999
Beam diagnostic instrumentation is being developed for the LEDA, a 6.7-MeV, 100-mA-cw proton accelerator, presently being commissioned at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This instrumentation will be the basis for much of the Accelerator Production of Tritium and the Spallation Neutron Source linac. Located in the LEDA injector and the high energy beam transport (HEBT) this initial instrumentation suite's purpose is to verify the RFQ pulsed and cw operation. The instrumentation include a series of DC, pulsed-and bunched-beam current measurements from which RFQ beam-transmission efficiency will be determined. Ionization-chamber beam loss measurements are mounted above the HEBT and provide input signals to a fast equipment protection system. Central beam phase and energy measurements provide RFQ longitudinal performance information. Beam position measurements provide information to properly center the beam within the HEBT beam pipe. Finally, two types of transverse profile measurements including a slow wire scanner and a video fluorescence monitor provide beam width and projection information in the LEDA HEBT. This paper will discuss these measurements developed for LEDA and summarize how they performed during RFQ verification experiments.
High energy beam transport beamline for LEDA
Here the authors describe the High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) for the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA), which is part of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project. The authors used the TRACE 3-D linear design code for the first-order design and performed r-z and 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the beam distribution and halo. TRACE 3-D predicts rms beam properties well. The PIC simulations are important for determining the presence of beam halo, which is present for some tunes. They propose halo experiments to help validate the simulation codes for modeling nonlinear space charge.
Characterization of the Proton Beam at the Output of the 6.7MEV Leda RFQ
The present configuration of the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) consists of a 75-keV proton injector, a 6.7-MeV 350-MHz cw radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with associated high-power and lowlevel rf systems, a 52-magnet periodic lattice followed by a short high-energy beam transport (HEBT) and highpower (670-kW cw) beam stop. The rms beam emittance was measured prior to the installation of the 52-magnet lattice, based on wire-scanner measurements of the beam profile at a single location in the HEBT. New measurements with additional diagnostic hardware have been performed to determine the rms transverse beam properties of the beam at the output of the 6.7-MeV LEDA RFQ.
Simulations of the LEDA LEBT with H/sup +/, H/sub 2//sup +/, and e/sup -/ particles
Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.97CH36167), 2000
The low-energy-beam transport (LEBT) system for the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) transports the beam from the ion-source plasma surface to the LEDA RFQ entrance. The code PARMELA performed these simulations of the beam transport through the LEBT. This code can simultaneously transport three particle types of different charge-to-mass ratio. Electrostatic fields, magnetic fields, and space charge influence the beam particles in this simulation. The electrostatic fields exist in the ion-source extractor. The magnetic field exists in the ion source and in the solenoid lenses. The e − particles, introduced into the beam of H + and H 2 + , simulate the space charge neutralization by the residual gas in the LEBT. The H + and H 2 + ions leaving the source emerge from a longitudinal magnetic field, which causes the beam to rotate. 2749 0-7803-4376-X/98/$10.00
For the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator
1998
A dc injector capable of 75-keV, 110-mA proton beam operation is under development for the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) project at Los Alamos. The injector uses a dc microwave proton source which has demonstrated 98% beam availability while operating at design parameters. A high-voltage isolation transformer is avoided by locating all ion source power supplies and controls at ground potential. The low-energy beam transport system (LEBT) uses two solenoid focusing and two steering magnets for beam matching and centroid control at the RFQ matchpoint. This paper will discuss proton source microwave window design, H 2 gas flow control, vacuum considerations, LEBT design, and an iris for beam current control.
Characterization of the proton beam from the 6.7 MeV LEDA RFQ
… , 2001. PAC 2001. …, 2001
The present configuration of the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) consists of a 75-keV proton injector, a 6.7-MeV 350-MHz cw radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with associated high-power and lowlevel rf systems, a 52-magnet periodic lattice followed by a short high-energy beam transport (HEBT) and highpower (670-kW cw) beam stop. The rms beam emittance was measured prior to the installation of the 52-magnet lattice, based on wire-scanner measurements of the beam profile at a single location in the HEBT. New measurements with additional diagnostic hardware have been performed to determine the rms transverse beam properties of the beam at the output of the 6.7-MeV LEDA RFQ.
Beam Simulation Studies of the LEBT for RIA Driver Linac
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2005
The low energy beam transport (LEBT) system in the front-end of the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) uses a 70 kV platform to pre-accelerate the ion beam from a 30 kV Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, followed by an achromatic charge selection system. The selected beam is then pre-bunched and matched into the entrance of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) with a multi-harmonic buncher. To meet the beam power requirements for heavy ions, high current (several mA), multi-species beams will be extracted from the ECR. Therefore, it is crucial to control space charge effects in order to obtain the low emittance beam required for RIA. The PARMELA code is used to perform the LEBT simulations for the multi-species beams with 3D space charge calculations. The results of the beam dynamics simulations are presented, and the key issues of emittance growth in the LEBT and its possible compensation are discussed.
2008
The low-energy demonstration accelerator (LEDA) 75keV proton injector is being developed for tests of highcurrent (100-mA) cw linacs. The injector comprises a microwave proton source and a space-charge neutralized magnetic low-energy beam-transport system (LEBT). The LEDA injector has been configured to provide flexible 50-keV beam matching into a cw 1.25-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) brought from Chalk River Laboratories (CRL). The LEBT has two solenoid focus magnets separated by 117 cm. Between the solenoids are two steering magnets and diagnostic stations for measuring the beam current, profile, and position. The ion-source extraction system was modified to a 50-keV triode to test the injector/RFQ system. Beam-matching tests showed that injector-RFQ transmission is 90% for 50-mA RFQ current. At the RFQ design current of 75 mA the beam transmission decreased to 80 85%. Optimized injector tuning led to 100-mA beam accelerated through the RFQ.