Air Quality at Night Markets in Taiwan (original) (raw)

Evaluation of the Trend of Air Quality in Taipei, Taiwan from 1994 to 2003

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2007

The data collected from the five air quality monitoring stations established by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) in Taipei City were analyzed to assess the changes in air quality. The analyses reveal that the air quality in Taipei City improved over the last decade from 1994 to 2003, as evidenced by the significant downward trends of the various primary air pollutant concentrations, such as CO, NO(X), SO(2), and PM(10). An air pollution fee was collected by TEPA in 1995, and several air pollution control measures were likewise taken to improve the air quality in Taiwan. However, although the extreme daily maximum O(3) concentrations occurred more frequently in earlier years and showed a downward trend, its moderately high concentrations increased annually in recent years. It implied that after the reduction of various primary pollutant concentrations, the effective reduction of O(3) pollution still remains an important issue.

AIR POLLUTION IN TAIPEI. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL EVENTS AND WEATHER FEATURES.

Air pollution is a current problem of every big city. However, in Taipei city (Taiwan) the problem of air pollution has specific features: the city area is limited by natural relief but the population increases every year. Naturally, the number of motor vehicles increases with population. This paper discusses under the influence of which social and weather events the concentrations of pollutants can increase or decrease. The current situation of air quality in the city and the annual dynamic of air pollution are also analyzed. In the socioecological metabolism of Taipei there is an imbalance in the interaction between urban residents and the urban environment, especially during rush hours in the morning and in the evening.

Successful air quality management program in central Taiwan?

This paper reviews the changes of the spatial-and-temporal distributions of air pollutants over central Taiwan after 1995, when stationary sources and automobiles were taxed for their airborne-pollutant emissions by Taiwan's EPA. Since then, many control strategies have been implemented for improving regional air quality. SO 2 emission from point sources has been reduced by 50% from 1997 to 2000. Emissions from Highway #1 in 2001 were less than 1997 by 10-64%. As a result, the concentrations of primary pollutants (SO 2 , CO, NOx and NMHC) along the highway and the two power plants have reduced. Contour as well as air quality modeling analyses are performed to quantify the source/receptor relationships of primary and secondary pollutants such as SO 2 , NOx, CO, NMHC, PM10 and O 3. These analyses prove that the emission reductions from the highway and the power plants cause:1) the concentration reductions of the primary pollutants along the highway and locations near the power plants and 2) possible ozone concentration reduction at 80 km leeward from Tunghsiao Power Plant. Nonetheless, O 3 concentration over the entire region is still in a rise in general, which is most likely ironically connected to NO emission reduction from automobiles. This automobile-NO-emission reduction inhibits surface O 3 to be titrated by NO. The emission inventory and the concentration datasets of the air-quality management history offer a unique opportunity for understanding how well and how bad the current state-of-art air quality models are. It shows the largest discrepancy between modeled and observed concentration change is the impact of high-stack NO emission on surface O 3 concentration.

Various Sources of PM2.5 and their Impact on the Air Quality in Tainan City, Taiwan

Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2019

The recent deterioration of Taiwan's air quality is partly due to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). With several studies pointing out a direct link between PM 2.5 and the global disease burden, plans are underway to reach the standard of an annual average PM 2.5 concentration of 15 µg m-3 in Taiwan by 2020. Subsequently, environmental protection bureaus in all cities should assess PM 2.5 emission sources and implement control strategies. This study focuses on analysis of PM 2.5 sources within Tainan City in an effort establish the contribution of large-scale pollution sources within the city as well as those from neighboring counties and cities. During this study, the top nine largest emission sources in Tainan City were investigated: (1) the Chemical manufacturing industry, (2) the iron and steel industry, (3) the power industry, (4) manufacturing of coal-based products, (5) diesel vehicles, (6) two-stroke scooters, (7) catering, (8) construction/road dust, and (9) open burning. Three important pollution sources in the central region of Taiwan were investigated as well, including: (1) the Taichung Power Plant, (2) the Formosa Petrochemical Corporation (FPCC) Sixth Naphtha Cracking Industry, and (3) the Dragon Steel Company in Taichung City, Changhua County, and Yunlin County, respectively, all of which are located on the windward side of Tainan City. The Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) was used to simulate the impact of the mentioned sources on Tainan's air quality. The results for the monthly contributions from the different sources averaged over a one year period indicated that diesel vehicles are the largest source, emitting up to 1.06 µg m-3 , followed by the Taichung Power Plant, which had 0.87 µg m-3 the construction industry and road dust emissions, with 0.80 µg m-3 , and with open burning of waste having the lowest contribution. These results can be applied to facilitate the development of follow-up air quality control strategies.

Air Quality over China

Remote Sensing

The strong economic growth in China in recent decades, together with meteorological factors, has resulted in serious air pollution problems, in particular over large industrialized areas with high population density. To reduce the concentrations of pollutants, air pollution control policies have been successfully implemented, resulting in the gradual decrease of air pollution in China during the last decade, as evidenced from both satellite and ground-based measurements. The aims of the Dragon 4 project “Air quality over China” were the determination of trends in the concentrations of aerosols and trace gases, quantification of emissions using a top-down approach and gain a better understanding of the sources, transport and underlying processes contributing to air pollution. This was achieved through (a) satellite observations of trace gases and aerosols to study the temporal and spatial variability of air pollutants; (b) derivation of trace gas emissions from satellite observations...

Indoor air quality investigation at air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned markets in Hong Kong

Science of The Total Environment, 2004

To characterize indoor air quality at the markets in Hong Kong, three non-air-conditioned and two air-conditioned markets were selected for this study. The indoor air pollutants measured included PM (particulate matters with 10 aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mm), total bacteria count (TBC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO). The indoor and outdoor concentrations of these target air pollutants 2 2 at these markets were measured and compared. The effects of air conditioning, temperatureyrelative humidity variation and different stalls on the indoor air quality were also investigated. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of PM , TBC, CO and NO at the markets were below the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality 10 2 Objectives (HKIAQO) standards with a few exceptions for PM and TBC. The elevated PM concentrations at 10 10 3 10 that measured at vegetable, fish and meat stalls. Furthermore, the concentration of airborne bacteria at the poultry stalls was as high as 1031 CFUym , which was above the HKIAQO standard of 1000 CFUym. The bacteria levels 3 3 at other three stalls were all below the HKIAQO standard. Statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences among the four stalls for CO, NO and SO. x 2