An Analysis of Competitiveness of Pakistan's Agricultural Export Commodities (original) (raw)
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REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES OF PAKISTAN
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Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021
Countries need an in-depth understanding of their comparative advantage for gaining benefits from the international trade. Historically, Pakistan is a trade deficit country and its exports are mainly agro-based. This study applies Balassa’s index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and its extensions to analyze the export competitiveness of major fruits and vegetables of Pakistan for the period 2001-2018. Results indicated that mangoes, citrus and dates had revealed comparative advantage. The estimated results of various RCA indices for onions and potatoes showed both revealed comparative advantage as well as disadvantage. The existence of comparative advantage highlights a considerable export potential of fruits and vegetables of Pakistan. Tapping this potential can significantly contribute in enhancing exports and foreign exchange earnings, generating employment opportunities and reducing trade deficit of the country. To increase export competitiveness of fruits and vegetables, the study suggests investment in research and development for finding out new ways for improvements in yield, quality and management of post-harvest losses. Value chain and infrastructural development is also needed to increase the export competitiveness of fruits and vegetables of Pakistan
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Present study is an attempt to measure the competitiveness of cereals and their products exports from Pakistan in global market. The main purpose was to assess the trade performance of cereal products export in the form of comparative advantage and to understand the factors limiting possibility of further exploiting that advantage. This study was carried out to examine actual cereal export flow and measure the degree of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) for a five years period (2008-13). It was revealed that the RCA index for rice and corn (37.63 and 99.4 respectively in 2012) remained reasonably high while for wheat and mille, it generally remained below the break even point during the period under study. For the overall cereals case RCA remained higher than the break even point showing that Pakistan enjoys an RCA for cereals in general. Urgent efforts are required to further improve the RCA in rice through brand name marketing, improved quality control, and economic dialogue ai...
EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF PAKISTANI HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
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Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )
This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 2003-2019. The comparative advantage and competitiveness of fruit exports of Pakistan are examined by employing revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage' (RSCA), relative import advantage (RMA), relative trade advantage (RTA), Trade Balance Index (TBI) and Revealed Competitiveness Index (RC). The empirical findings illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in fruit exports during the period under consideration. The global competitiveness of Pakistan in the fruit exports indicates that there exists much potential for the growth of the horticultural sector. With government patronage and proper facilities, the fruit products can be a source of valuable foreign exchange earnings for the Pakistan economy.
The objective of this study was to elaborate the exports of major agricultural products from Pakistan to United Arab Emirates, with a focus on comparative advantage. To estimate the comparative advantage of Pakistan for the agricultural products, revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed systematic comparative advantage (RSCA) were used. According to the findings of the study, basmati rice showed that Pakistan has a comparative advantage in basmati rice. Increasing trend of RCA indices for the previous 10 years of both mutton and beef showed that the Pakistani beef has more comparative advantage as compared to mutton. It is suggested that Pakistan should try to focus on beef more as compared to mutton. It revealed the fact that there might be some issues in the mutton exports as compared to beef. Pakistan should try to solve these issues related to the mutton. Finding the other markets rather than United Arab Emirates might be one suitable solution which could be effective for the mutton exports. Pakistan has a comparative advantage in export of cotton yarn but if it has no comparative advantage then Pakistan should try to shift to the value addition because it is a raw product.
An Estimation Of Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage And Its Determinants In Pakistan
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This study has investigated the Comparative Advantage (CA) of Pakistan’s exports over the period of 1995 to 2013. For measuring comparative advantage, Normalized Reveal Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index has been constructed in case of Pakistan’s exports. There are 17 sectors and more than two hundred commodities are used for measuring NRCA of Pakistan. In this study Agricultural Products (ArP), Food Items (Food), Fuels and Mining Products (FMP), Fuels Products (Fuel), Manufactured Products (MuP), Iron and Steel Products (ISP), Chemical Products (ChP), Machinery and transport equipment (MTE), Iron and Steel (IAS), Office and telecom equipment (OTE), Telecommunications equipment (TLE), Pharmaceuticals Products (PaP), Integrated circuits and electronic components (ICEC), Transport equipment (TrE), Automotive products (AutoP), Textiles (Text) and Clothing (Cloth) are the selected sectors for measuring NCRA in case of Pakistan. This study has also investigated the determinants of Normal...
In this paper, we have endeavored to analyze a sector-wise export performance of Pakistan using Revealed Comparative Advantage with the global market. Data for the period 2003-2015, Harmonized System (HS) 1988/92 developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) are employed in the analysis. We have observed that Pakistan foreign trade concentrated limited products and markets for many years and there are no serious attempts to diversify its export share to the world. Empirical results show that Pakistan is not a major trading player in the international trade. However, it is a major trading player in some of its export items such as, textile and clothing sector, Vegetable, and hides and skins sector which have prominent revealed comparative advantage. Pakistan should diversify its exports and improve its trade diplomacy. Contribution/ Originality: The paper's primary contribution is finding of export performance of Pakistan using Revealed comparative advantage (Balassa index) for all external sectors. Empirical results revealed that some sectors in Pakistan have export potential with the world that can help Pakistan to reduce its chronic trade deficit.
1 This paper provides an analysis on structure of export and competitiveness of Pakistan's basmati rice over the period 1987-88 to 2011-12 by using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and regional revealed comparative advantage (RRCA) approaches. Results demonstrate that overall Pakistan's share in world basmati market has declined from 47% in 1987-92 to 32% in 2008-12 periods at global level and also at regional level i.e. Iran, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE) markets. However Pakistan has increased its market participation in Oman and United Kingdom (UK) from 60 % to 83 % and 14% to 39 % respectively during the period under analysis. Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sultanate of Oman, UAE, and UK have shown a high geographic concentration in basmati exports from Pakistan however registered a decline in export concentration over time. The analysis of export competitiveness revealed that the Pakistan has revealed comparative advantage in basmati export, implying revealed com...