Energy and exergy analyses of the Nigerian transportation sector from 1980 to 2010 (original) (raw)
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O R I G I N A L Energy and exergy analyses of the Nigerian transportation sector from 1980 to 2010
This paper analyses energy utilisation in the transportation sector of Nigeria using exergy methods. The sector is dominated by the road subsector, with a share ranging from 70.65% in 1990 to 97.51% in the year 2005 and a mean of 88.44%. The road subsector is still the most efficient, with energy efficiency values that range from 9. 93% in 1990 to 19.19% in 1986. The corresponding exergy values are 9.28% and 17.93%, respectively. Following the road subsector is the aviation subsector with its least energy consumption share of 0.10% in 2005 and biggest share of 26.25% in 1990. The subsector energy efficiency values range from 0.03% in 2005 to 7.35% in 1990, with corresponding exergy values of 0.026% and 6.87%, respectively. The overall mean energy efficiency in the Nigerian transportation sector for the three decades is 17.11%, while the overall mean exergy efficiency is 15.97%. The road subsector performance has been adversely affected by the massive importation of used vehicles into the country.
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 2021
Sustainability of road transportation sector fuel exergy utilisation in Nigeria between 1990 and 2019 was examined and compared with the global trends in the same sector. Parameters used were exergy efficiency, depletion number, sustainability index and improvement potential. Petrol engines had the highest mean efficiency of 13.05% and heavy duty vehicles the lowest of 8.57%. Their respective mean depletion numbers were 0.8695 and 0.9143, while their mean sustainability index values were 1.1501 and 1.0937 respectively. However, petrol engines had the highest mean improvement potential of 2.07×10 11 MJ and cars had the lowest value of 1.86×10 10 MJ. When benchmarked against global values, petrol engines still had the highest mean potential difference value of 5.93×10 10 MJ while cars had the lowest value of 6.02×10 9 MJ. Improvement potential values were largely influenced by exergy utilisation rates, the influence of which outweighed that of exergy efficiencies, of the different carriers.
Energy Consumption in Transport Sector in Nigeria: Current situation and ways forward
2016
Energy use in the transportation sector includes the energy consumed in moving people and goods by road, rail, air, water, and pipeline. Transportation sector energy demand hinges on growth rates for both economic activity and the driving-age population. Economic growth spurs increases in industrial output, which requires the movement of raw materials to manufacturing sites, as well as the movement of manufactured goods to end users. Nigerian transportation fuel use, much of it in the form of liquid fuels increased over the period from 2005 to 2009. Passenger transportation energy use includes fuels used in light-duty vehicles, buses, aircraft, and passenger trains. Freight transportation energy use includes fuels used by large trucks, freight trains, and both domestic and international marine vessels. This paper discusses among other things, the transport modes and their energy consumption pattern looking at the implications of the trend in energy utilization to the national energy...
A COMPARATIVE AND ENERGY ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF GAS FUEL SOURCES FOR THE TRANSPORT SECTOR IN NIGERIA
International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2023
Transportation-related energy use comprises the energy used to move people and products by pipeline, pipeline, rail, air, and water. The growth rates of the economy and the population of people who can drive will determine how much energy is needed by the transportation industry. Increased industrial output is a result of economic expansion, which calls for the transportation of raw materials to manufacturing facilities as well as finished items to consumers. The number of liquid fuels used for transportation in Nigeria grew between 2005 and 2009. Fuels used in light-duty vehicles, buses, airplanes, and passenger trains are included in the category of passenger transportation energy use. Large trucks, freight trains, as well as local and foreign marine vessels, all need gasoline in the movement of freight. This paper discusses, among other things, the modes of transportation and their patterns of energy consumption while examining the effects of this trend on the country's energy consumption. It also provides some insightful information on the necessity of gaseous fuels in Nigeria as a strategy to achieve fuel diversification within the context of the Nigerian economy. This study assesses several gas fuels using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool while taking into account the financial, environmental,
Energy and exergy efficiencies in Turkish transportation sector, 1988-2004
This study aims at examining energy and exergy efficiencies in Turkish transportation sector. Unlike the previous studies, historical data is used to investigate the development of efficiencies of 17 years period from 1988 to 2004. The energy consumption values in tonsof-oil equivalent for eight transport modes of four transportation subsectors of the Turkish transportation sector, including hard coal, lignite, oil, and electricity for railways, oil for seaways and airways, and oil and natural gas for highways, are used. The weighted mean energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated for each mode of transport by multiplying weighting factors with efficiency values of that mode. They are then summed up to calculate the weighted mean overall efficiencies for a particular year. Although the energy and exergy efficiencies in Turkish transport sector are slightly improved from 1988 to 2004, the historical pattern is cyclic. The energy efficieny is found to range from 22.16% (2002) to 22.62% (1998 and 2004) with a mean of 22.4270.14% and exergy efficiency to range from 22.39% (2002) to 22.85% (1998 and 2004) with a mean of 22.6570.15%. Overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the transport sector consist mostly of energy and exergy efficiencies of the highways subsector in percentages varying from 81.5% in 2004 to 91.7% in 2002. The rest of them are consisted of other subsectors such as railways, seaways, and airways. The overall efficiency patterns are basically controlled by the fuel consumption in airways in spite of this subsector’s consisting only a small fraction of total. The major reasons for this are that airways efficiencies and the rate of change in fuel consumption in airways are greater than those of the others. This study shows that airway transportation should be increased to improve the energy and exergy efficiencies of the Turkish transport sectors. However, it should also be noted that no innovations and other advances in transport technologies are included in the calculations. The future studies including such details will certainly help energy analysts and policy makers more than our study.
Energy analysis and exergy utilization in the transportation sector of Jordan
Energy Policy, 2008
The transport sector is responsible for about 37% of total final energy demand in Jordan, and thus it is considered an important driver for determining future national energy needs. This paper presents energy analysis and exergy utilization in the transportation sector of Jordan by considering the sectoral energy and exergy flows for the last two decades. The transportation sector, in Jordan, is a two-mode system, namely, road, which covers almost all domestic passenger and freight transport and airways. The latter is mainly used for international flights. The average estimated overall energy and exergy efficiencies were found as 23.2% and 22.8%, respectively. This simply indicates that there is large potential for improvement and efficiency enhancement. It is believed that the present technique is practical and useful for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization to determine how efficiently energy and exergy are used in the transportation sector. It is also helpful to establish standards, based on exergy, to facilitate applications in different planning processes such as energy planning. A comparison with other countries showed that energy and exergy efficiencies of the Jordanian transport sector are slightly lower than that of Turkey, and higher than those incurred in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Norway. Such difference is inevitable due to dissimilar structure of the transport sector in these countries.
Sustainability
The city of Douala in Cameroon is facing great challenges in terms of its demographic growth, economic development and urbanization, especially in relation to environmental and economic factors. However, there has been significant growth in its road transport sector, which has led to an excessive demand for the consumption of fossil fuels and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in recent decades within this sector. However, no concrete policy has yet been put in place to improve the energy efficiency of the transport sector. This work aims to identify the driving factors and determine their contributions to the variation in energy consumption. In this study, a decomposition analysis via the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method is used for the period of 2010–2019 to quantify the respective effects of the driving factors on the variation in energy consumption. Based on the study of the literature, we classified four main driving factors in the road transport sector that co...
Analysis of Sustainable Energy Metrics in Douala’s Road Transportation Sector, Cameroon
2023
In this study, Douala, Cameroon was used as a case study to analyze the characteristics of sustainable energy for road transport from 2010 to 2019. Douala, being the national capital and entry point to Central Africa, served as a major hub for the movement of people and goods. However, the road transport sector was plagued by a number of problems, including traffic congestion, the use of fossil fuels, air pollution, and global warming associated with road traffic. The objective of this work was to evaluate a set of indicators that would allow monitoring the evolution of trends in the interactions between the energy component and sustainable development. The DPSIR (Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response) model was used to select a set of indicators. According to the results, the energy intensity of the fuel used for transport decreased from 9.93 to 15.9 toe/M€. This increase in energy intensity reflected the energy-intensive nature of the road industry. Additionally, from 2010 to 2019, the energy efficiency of road transport vehicles in the city of Douala fluctuated between 20 and 22%. This indicates a significant potential for improving energy efficiency. Therefore, decision-makers need to implement sustainable transport planning to address these issues.
An Application of Energy and Exergy Analysis of Transport Sector of India
IJMER
The present article is dedicated for evaluating the transportation sector of India in terms of energetic and exergetic aspects. In this regard, energy and exergy utilization efficiencies during the period 2005-2011 are assessed based on real data obtained from Energy statistics of India. Sectoral energy and exergy analyses are conducted to study the variations of energy and exergy efficiencies, overall energy and exergy efficiencies for the entire sub-sector are found to be in the range of 21.30 to 30.03%. When compared with other neighbouring countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Turkey, the Indian transport sector is the least efficient. Such difference is inevitable due to dissimilar transport structure in these countries. It is expected that that the results of this study will be helpful in developing highly useful and productive planning for future energy policies, especially for the transportation sector. This, in turn, will help achieve the ‘energy-security’ goal of the country.
Modelling Transport Energy Demand in Ghana: The Policy Implication on Ghanaian Economy
British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 2015
The study aims at modeling automotive energy demand in Ghana as well as predicting the long term energy demand and its implication on the Ghanaian economy. Research Design: The research design deployed in order to achieve the aim was explanatory. Research Duration: The research form part of bigger research work which got started in 2012 and ended 2015 Research Methodology: The study used secondary data of fuel demand collected from the ministry of energy, through Ghana statistical service. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods were deployed. Various descriptive charts were used in the preliminary stages of the modeling and further modeling techniques such as quadratic, linear, logarithmic, cubic and Annan et al.; BJEMT, 10(1): 1-12, 2015; Article no.BJEMT.18378 2 exponential models were the modeling techniques used. The mean absolute deviation was also adopted.