Design and Operation of Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems for Heating and Cooling of Non-Residential Buildings (original) (raw)
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2016
A new generation of high efficiency ground source heat pump systems was developed by the GROUND -MED project (1.01.2009 – 31.12.2014). These GSHP systems have been installed and demonstrated in 8 buildings of South Europe. The project was supported by the FP7 program of the European Commission. After two complete seasons of monitoring heating and cooling operation, the project proved that the technological advantage of high efficiency heat pumps can be utilized in its full potential by borehole heat exchangers delivering water at favourable temperature levels (7-20°C in heating and 14-39°C in cooling), low temperature indoor heating system (supplying water of 28-43°C for heating and 7-18°C for cooling) and advanced operation controls synchronizing pumps, fans and compressors while optimizing water supply temperature to the building. Superior seasonal<br> performance factors SPF2 (considering electricity consumption at the compressors and external pump) were achieved, namely 3....
Ground source heat pump technology development within the EU funded project Ground-Med
In the framework of the FP7 Ground-Med project, eight buildings have been equipped with prototype ground source heat pump systems, demonstrating innovative solutions for high energy efficiency in terms of seasonal performance factors (SPF). Among the technologies demonstrated are borehole heat exchangers with water as heat transfer fluid, coarse sand as grouting, energy class A intelligent pumps (circulators), water source heat pumps of enhanced COP, water or both refrigerant/water reversible heat pumps with heat exchangers always in counter flow, low temperature heating and low power consuming fan-coil units, air handling units exploiting condensing heat, in-wall piping heating/cooling system, PCM cold storage, PCM hot storage, tandem compressors, inverter control, temperature compensation functions and new control algorithms. Monitoring results during an entire cooling season (8 May to 26 October 2012) in one demonstration site yielded an array of seasonal performance factors of ( 5. 81; 5.31; 4.20; 3.34 ), corresponding to power consumption to compressor, plus external pump, plus internal pumps, plus all fans respectively. Fully application of technologies, set points and algorithms developed during the project will further increase these values.
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2017
Owing to the eye-catching pros of high energy and environmental performances, numerous ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have been employed in domestic and industrial buildings throughout the world. One of the proved renewable energy technologies is the GSHPs which is able to fulfill the gap between cooling and heating. The main contribution of this article is to present a fully description and critical review of the GSHP systems along with their current developments. At first, the energy efficiency and working standard of a heat pump are introduced. Furthermore, an expansive description of the GSHPs and its advances, and a fully explanation of the ground-couplet (GCHP) heat pumps, groundwater (GWHP), and surface water (SWHP) are provided. The mainly representative ground thermal response examination approaches and simulation for the vertical ground heat exchangers presently existing are reviewed counting the heat transfer progressions inside and outside the holes. Similarly, various info regarding a different GWHP by a heat exchanger with different structures, and the opportunity to gain the enhanced energy efficiency with joint cooling and heating using GCHP are explained. The numerous hybrid GCHP systems for heating or coolingdominated constructions are appropriately illustrated. It can be deduced that the GSHP technology can be employed both in hot and cold weather areas and the potential of energy saving is noteworthy. V
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011
To evaluate the efficiency of ground source heat pump (GSHP), an application is studied in a residential building divided in two independent apartments blocks. The numerical results are produced by using the software tool TRNSYS 16. The results include the trends of the thermo-climatic variables and a comparison between conventional and geothermal systems analysing operation and capital costs. The GSHPstudied in this paper produces a thermal power output of 29 kW in winter and a cooling power output of 26 kW during summer time. The numerical simulations have highlighted that with such a system,the GSHP has a winter coefficient of performanceof 4.9, and a warm season coefficient of performance which reaches 2.3. The simulations show that the best plant configuration consists of a winter heating GSHP system and a summer free-cooling bypass.The thermo-climatic variables inside the buildingprovide goodcomfort conditions.
A European Database of Building Energy Profiles to Support the Design of Ground Source Heat Pumps
Energies
The design of ground source heat pumps is a fundamental step to ensure the high energy efficiency of heat pump systems throughout their operating years. To enhance the diffusion of ground source heat pump systems, two different tools are developed in the H2020 research project named, “Cheap GSHPs”: A design tool and a decision support system. In both cases, the energy demand of the buildings may not be calculated by the user. The main input data, to evaluate the size of the borehole heat exchangers, is the building energy demand. This paper presents a methodology to correlate energy demand, building typologies, and climatic conditions for different types of residential buildings. Rather than envelope properties, three insulation levels have been considered in different climatic conditions to set up a database of energy profiles. Analyzing European climatic test reference years, 23 locations have been considered. For each location, the overall energy and the mean hourly monthly energ...
Geothermal Heat Pump Plant Performance in a Nearly Zero-energy Building
Energy Procedia, 2016
On the behalf of reaching EU directive 2010/31/EU energy performance targets and fulfilling nearly zero-energy energy buildings (nZEB) requirements by the end of 2020, utilization of renewable energy sources becomes important. Renewable solar and ground energy can be efficiently utilized by a hybrid geothermal heat pump with a solar thermal storage, which is expected to yield high seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) making it attractive to consider in nZEB design. This numerical study investigates the impact of various ground heat exchangers and thermal storage options along with their possible combinations on heat pump plant heating/cooling performance in the design of commercial hall-type nZEB located in cold climate of Hämeenlinna, Finland. Components applied in a numerical study were energy piles, vertical boreholes (heat wells), solar collector and/or exhaust air heat as a thermal storage source. A whole year dynamic simulations were performed in IDA-ICE simulation environment, where detailed custom ground-source heat pump (GSHP) plants were modelled. Results revealed GSHP plant to be favorable heat source option in nZEB design. Application of thermal storage enabled to reduce energy piles field by more than two times. Proposed exhaust air thermal storage option performed highly efficient in comparison to solar thermal storage.
2010
The project Ground-Med, implemented by a consortium of 24 organizations from Europe and supported by the 7th framework program of the European Commission, concerns the development of the next generation of ground source heat pump systems, which will deliver heating and cooling to buildings with a measured year round seasonal performance factor SPF higher than 5. Technology development will include water source heat pumps of variable capacity, low electricity consumption fan-coil units, new heat/cool storage nodules, air handling units using condensing heat, pumps and fans of variable speed, advanced system control with temperature output depending on the heating/cooling load, as well as system design aiming at minimizing the temperature difference between the ground, the borehole heat exchanger, the heat pump, the heating/cooling water and the indoor temperature. These technologies will be demonstrated at 8 buildings of South Europe, and monitored for a period of more than 30 months...
2017
The Cartographic and Geological Institute of Catalonia (ICGC) aims to analyze the operation of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) facility, which pertains to an office building located in the Catalan territory and inaugurated in 2012. This installation serves as the unique source for heating, cooling and domestic hot water production. The facility has a monitoring system that records the time-evolution of the main operation and performance parameters. This study was carried out within the work frame of a larger project from the ICGC, which is called “Low temperature geothermal atlas”. The main objectives of this work are: a) To build an empirical model able to reproduce the operation and performance of the installation through the use of Ground Loop Design software (v2016), in parallel with a rigorous determination of the actual thermal load of the building. b) To analyze the results of the model and compare them with the actual data gathered by the monitoring system, to evaluate the ...
2010
This work presents an application of a ground source heat pump system (GSHP) for heating and air-conditioning of a commercial/residential building. The building itself is designed with high energy efficiency in mind, in compliance with Swiss "Minergie" standard. Apart from the heat pump, building's systems include thermal solar collectors and seasonal heat storage. The emphasis of this work is on the design and hydraulic analysis of the ground-coupled heat exchanger. To enable future research on performance prediction and sizing of such exchangers, a sensor array was designed to monitor ground temperature and moisture in different areas, as well as perform different climatological measurements (insulation, air humidity, wind direction and speed).