Biosensors Based on Immobilization of Biomolecules by Electrogenerated Polymer Films (original) (raw)
Related papers
Analytica Chimica Acta, 1995
A series of amphiphilic pyrrolyl-alkylammonium ions differing in the size of their ammonium heads has been used for the immobilization at the electrode surface of horseradish peroxidase, galactose oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, glucose oxidase and xanthine oxidase in polypyrrolic films electrogenerated from adsorbed amphiphilic pyrrole-enzyme mixtures. The enzyme retention properties of the different polymers have been determined indicating that the less hydrophobic monomer has the best immobilization efficiency. The electrochemical assays performed for galactose. glucose and hypoxanthine detection show clearly that the bioelectrode sensitivity is related to the permeability of the host polymer. The selectivity of the glucose oxidase electrodes towards interfering agents like ascorbate, urate and acetaminophen has also been examined, these agents interfering to some extent when present at physiological concentrations.
Electropolymerization of amphiphilic monomers for designing amperometric biosensors
Electroanalysis, 1997
The principle and potentialities of an original electrochemical procedure of biosensor construction based on amphiphilic pyrrole derivatives are reviewed. The two-step procedure consists of the adsorption of an aqueous amphiphilic pyrrole monomer-biomolecule mixture on an electrode surface followed by the electrochemical polymerization of the adsorbed amphiphilic monomers. This method is compared with the more conventionally used electrochemical procedures of biosensor construction. Examples of multienzyme and additive entrapments, organic phase enzyme electrode, microelectrode functionalization and the electrical wiring of immobilized enzymes are presented.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 1999
The concept and potentialities of electrochemical procedures of biomolecule immobilization based on electropolymerized films are described. The biomolecule entrapment in conventional electrogenerated polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyphenol is compared with an electrochemical procedure involving the adsorption of amphiphilic monomers and biomolecules before the polymerization step. Examples of organic phase enzyme electrode and electrical wiring of immobilized enzymes are presented. Furthermore, the construction of controlled architectures based on spatially segregated multilayers, exhibiting complementary biological activities is described. Then, the use of functionalized polymers bearing functional groups for the covalent binding of biomolecules is reported. Moreover, the attachment of biomolecules to biotinylated polymers through affinity interactions based on avidin-biotin bridge is presented.
Biomolecular immobilization on conducting polymers for biosensing applications
Biomaterials, 2007
A detail study on different aspects of biomolecule immobilization techniques on conducting polymers (CP) for applications in biosensors is described. Comparative studies are conducted in between the different mode of biomolecule immobilization techniques, viz. physical, covalent and electrochemical immobilization onto the conducting polymer films for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors for clinical, food and environmental monitoring applications. This review focuses on the current status of biomolecule immobilization techniques on CP and their applications in the development of amperometric biosensors. r
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1998
A new amphiphilic lactobionamide functionalized by a pyrrole group has been synthesized and electrochemically characterized. This functionalization has allowed the preparation of poly(pyrrole-lactobionamide) films by oxidative electropolymerization in aqueous and organic electrolytes. The electrochemical immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is carried out in polymeric 'bilayer' and 'trilayer' matrices based on poly(pyrrole-ammonium) and poly(pyrrole-lactobionamide) films. The amperometric response of GOx-based biosensors to glucose in phosphate buffer was based on the oxidation at +0.6 V vs. SCE of the generated H 2 O 2 . A marked enhancement of the biosensor sensitivity ( + 60%) was observed for a trilayer matrix illustrating the beneficial effect of the polymerized lactobionamide groups. The amperometric response of PPO-based biosensors to catechol in chloroform was based on the reduction at −0.25 V vs. SCE of the generated o-quinone. In the same way, the presence of poly(pyrrole-lactobionamide) as a polymeric additive induces a great enhancement of the biosensor sensitivity ( +350%) in anhydrous chloroform.
A review study of (bio)sensor systems based on conducting polymers
This review article concentrates on the electrochemical biosensor systems with conducting polymers. The area of electro-active polymers confined to different electrode surfaces has attracted great attention. Polymer modified carbon substrate electrodes can be designed through polymer screening to provide tremendous improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the electrode response to detect a variety of analytes. The electro-active films have been used to entrap different enzymes and/or proteins at the electrode surface, but without obvious loss of their bioactivity for the development of biosensors. Electropolymerization is a well-known technique used to immobilize biomaterials to the modified electrode surface. Polymers might be covalently bonding to enzymes or proteins; therefore, thickness, permeation and charge transport characteristics of the polymeric films can be easily and precisely controlled by modulating the electrochemical parameters for various electrochemical techniques, such as chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. This review article is divided into three main parts as given in the table of contents related to the immobilization process of some important conducting polymers, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polycarbazole, polyaniline, polyphenol, poly(o-phenylenediamine), polyacetylene, polyfuran and their derivatives. A total of 216 references are cited in this review article.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers: Characterization and Applications
Lecture notes in electrical engineering, 2020
Conducting polymers can be exploited as an excellent tool for the preparation of nanocomposites with nano-scaled biomolecules. Polypyrrole (Ppy) is one of the most extensively used conducting polymers in design of bioanalytical sensors. In this review article significant attention is paid to immobilization of biologically active molecules within Ppy during electrochemical deposition of this polymer. Such unique properties of this polymer as prevention of some undesirable electrochemical interactions and facilitation of electron transfer from some redox enzymes are discussed. Recent advances in application of polypyrrole in immunosensors and DNA sensors are presented. Some new electrochemical target DNA and target protein detection methods based on changes of semiconducting properties of electrochemically generated Ppy doped by affinity agents are introduced. Recent progress and problems in development of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole are considered.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2002
A novel biosensor architecture, which is based on the combination of a manual and a non-manual deposition technique for sensor components on the electrode surface is reported. A water-soluble Os-poly(vinyl-imidazole) redox hydrogel is deposited on a graphite electrode by drop-coating (i.e. manually) followed by the electrochemically-induced deposition of an enzyme-containing nonconducting polymer film. The local polymer deposition is initiated by electrochemical generation of H 3 O ' exclusively at the electrode surface causing a pH-shift to be established in the diffusion zone around the electrode (i.e. non-manually). This pH-shift leads to the protonation of a dissolved polyanionic polymer which in consequence changes significantly its solubility and is hence precipitating on the electrode surface. In the presence of a suitable enzyme, such as quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (QH-ADH), the polymer precipitation leads to an entrapment of the redox enzyme within the polymer film. Simultaneously, the watersoluble Os-poly(vinyl-imidazole) redox hydrogel, which is slowly dissolving from the electrode surface after addition of the electrolyte, is co-entrapped within the precipitating polymer layer. This provides the pre-requisite for an efficient electron-transfer pathway from the redox enzyme via the polymer-bound redox centres to the electrode surface. The sensor preparation protocol has been optimised aiming on a high mediator concentration in the polymer film and an effective electron transfer. #