Experiences of Infertile Couples of West Bengal With Male Factor, Female Factor, and Unexplained Infertility Factor: A Qualitative Study (original) (raw)
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Objective: The study intended to see the impact of infertility on experience of emotional trauma, belief pattern and formation of psychopathology and also to explore the psychopathology with respect to degree of infertility related stress impact among male, female and unexplained factor infertility in couples suffering from primary infertility. Design: This was a clinic-based, cross-sectional comparative study based on a consecutive sampling method. Subjects: Sixty couples were studied of whom 10 couples had male-related infertility (MF), 10 had female-related infertility (FF) and 10 unexplained infertility (UF). Another 30 fertile couples were also included as comparative group (CG) after matching on certain sociodemographic variables with the clinical groups. Measures: Impact of Event Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised and Irrational Belief Scale were used. Results: The impact of emotional trauma and irrational belief was greatest in the male-related infertility couples, and somatisation in the unexplained group, whereas depression and interpersonal sensitivity were higher in the female-related infertility couples. An impact of moderate to severe infertility-related stress on depression and irrational beliefs was also observed. Gender difference was evident with respect to psychopathology and types of infertility. Conclusion: The impact of infertility is evident with respect to psychopathology with differential impact of various types of infertility groups among Indian couples. Keywords: Primary infertility, emotional impact, psychopathology, irrational belief
Infertility in India : Social, CUltural and Religion Influence
Background: Society, culture and religion frame the major sphere of life for human kind since starting. Fertility has been one of man's desired attributes since the beginning of recorded history and remains a driving need for young couples today. Infertility, however, continues to be a major worldwide problem, affecting an estimated 60-80 million women and men, a vast majority of whom live in low resource countries. The aim of the study was to assess the living-in experiences of infertile women under social and religional and cultural influence. Methods: This was a phenomenological study conducted at Infertility clinic of Haryana, India. Data was collected was semi structured interview guide and face to face in depth interviews. Participants were selected using criterion sampling technique and data saturation was achieved after 22 interviews. All interviews were audiotaped using a digital recorder. Results: The findings of the study showed that three main themes related to social, religious and cultural influence with core theme of Environmental influence of their infertility experience. Conclusions: The study concluded that there is a huge burden on the part of female to have a baby after marriage. Also the childless women face social and financial adversities at time and this is not limited to low income or low education strata. Health care professionals need to understand cultural and social implications of infertility in order to provide counseling, and referring women with fertility concerns for consultation and further treatment.
Infertility in India: social, religion and cultural influence
Background: Society, culture and religion frame the major sphere of life for human kind since starting. Fertility has been one of man’s desired attributes since the beginning of recorded history and remains a driving need for young couples today. Infertility, however, continues to be a major worldwide problem, affecting an estimated 60-80 million women and men, a vast majority of whom live in low resource countries. The aim of the study was to assess the living-in experiences of infertile women under social and religional and cultural influence. Methods: This was a phenomenological study conducted at Infertility clinic of Haryana, India. Data was collected was semi structured interview guide and face to face in depth interviews. Participants were selected using criterion sampling technique and data saturation was achieved after 22 interviews. All interviews were audiotaped using a digital recorder. Results: The findings of the study showed that three main themes related to social, religious and cultural influence with core theme of Environmental influence of their infertility experience. Conclusions: The study concluded that there is a huge burden on the part of female to have a baby after marriage. Also the childless women face social and financial adversities at time and this is not limited to low income or low education strata. Health care professionals need to understand cultural and social implications of infertility in order to provide counseling, and referring women with fertility concerns for consultation and further treatment. Keywords: Infertility, Phenomenology, Qualitative, Social influence, Religion influence, Cultural influence
Infertility: An Alarming Situation In India
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 2020
Child bearing and rising of children are extremely important endeavours in every Women's life and are strongly related with the ultimate goals of completeness, happiness and for family integration. It is widely recognized that human existence reaches completeness through a child and satisfies the individual's need for reproduction. Unfortunately human fertility is comparatively low than other species of animal kingdom in the recent days. For women, motherhood is not only a foundation of status and power; it is the only opportunity for women to ensure their marital security. Weak marital ties did not affect men's social identity, security or power. But on women Psychosocial, social, emotional and physical consequences of infertility are harsher for women than men. The problem of infertility is a raising concern in India and the reason needs to be discovered. Limited information is available about the extent of infertility, its social impact on Women, availability of treatment and treatment (infertility) seeking behaviour of infertile women. Above all it is a costly affaire and the women those who are undergoing this treatment physically suffer a lot. This study is attempted to gain knowledge regarding the causes of infertility, the problems and the challenges of infertile women and the extent of psycho-social and economic sufferings of infertile women.
International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2017
Fertility is considered as a marital responsibility in most the communities and a kind of social respectability for couples. The societal and parental pressures for propagation of the family name can also place a psychological burden on the infertile couple and may significantly affect quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the gender differences in fertility related quality of life in primary infertility. 30 couples with primary infertility were recruited for the study after a written informed consent. Hindi version of FertiQoL was applied to all participants. Males had significantly better emotional, relational, social and global quality of life (QoL) as compared to females. Tolerability to infertility related problems was significantly better in females compared to males. This study found that primary infertility has extensive negative repercussions on the QOL of women as compared to males.
2013
Introduction: Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. An estimated 15% of couples around the world meet this criterion and are considered infertile. Objective: An exploratory study to assess the quality of life of infertile couples at selected infertility clinics in Haryana. Design: Exploratory correlational survey design Setting:The study was conducted at selected infertility clinics i.e. MMIMSR& Hospital, Mullana, infertility clinics at district Ambala and Karnal Participants: 100 infertile couples were selected at MMIMSR& Hospital, Mullana, infertility clinics at district Ambala and district Karnal by purposive sampling technique. Measurements and tool: A standardised tool i.e. FertiQol tool was administered to collect data and an informational booklet on “Coping with Infertility” were also given to the infertile couples. Findings: Findings revealed that male partners had better quality of life than the infertile fem...
INFERTILITY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT
The study focused to explore whether infertility affects the life of a woman psychologically or not. In our cultural contexts it is considered a great deficiency in the lives of a couple. In our society, getting impregnated soon after the marriage is considered normative. Failing to produce offspring in a couple of years, starts building social pressure which stresses her psychologically. The research was conducted in Waulah and Dulmial village in Tehsil Choa Saidan Shah Chakwal. The study was conducted using interview guides as a qualitative tool from a sample of 64 infertile women having both primary and secondary infertility over a period of 3 weeks. The study concluded that these women not only bear the social consequences but also their mental health is badly affected. Inability to conceive marks a huge disaster for her upcoming life. The chief burden of reproductive inability lies with the woman who is victimized as the sole cause of deficiency.
Distress in Infertile Males in Manipal-India: A Clinic Based Study
Background: Being infertile comes as an overwhelming realization for couples trying to conceive. In consideration of rising rates of infertility worldwide, clinicians in India have also begun exploring this field for new possibilities, development and research. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion and predictors of infertility specific stress in males diagnosed with primary infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted in an assisted reproduction center , Manipal, India, on 300 infertile married males. The tools were "semi-structured questionnaire" compiled by the authors, "ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Be-havioural Disorders (Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines) and" Psychological Evaluation Test for infertility. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out on data with p-value fixed as 0.05. Results: The presence of stress was reported in 72% of male participants. The pre-dictors of stress were nature and severity of their infertility diagnosis, sperm defects, urological condition and experience of corrective surgery undergone for it. Psychological stress in men was also predicted by present and past history of significant psychiatric morbidity and coping difficulties associated with it. Conclusion: The stress is both a common experience and at times a clinical condition associated with deteriorating mental and physical health in men seeking fertility treatments. As a prerequisite, Indian fertility clinics need to treat stress as an identifiable condition and devise ways of addressing it at all stages of assisted conception and reproductive treatments.
Study of Infertile Couples Attending a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 2016
Introduction: Infertility is a global health issue and a socially destabilizing condition for couples with several stigmas including medical, social, psychological burdens and a marital disharmony. The aim was to study the incidence of infertility in couples attending outdoor of Nobel Medical College and to know the contributing factors among the infertile couples.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of a teaching hospital July 2015-June 2016, where the incidence of infertility and the contributing factors for the same were evaluated.Results: The incidence of infertility in this study was 5.45% and it was dominated by secondary infertility. The most important cause was male factor in 37.39%. Majority of male factor abnormality was due to exposure to heat as these male work abroad in Arabian Countries.Conclusions: The study shows a dominance of secondary infertility and male factor being a major contributor. The most common semen a...
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Background: Infertility is a global health issue affecting 8 to 12% of couples worldwide. The objective was to study the prevalence and socio-demographic profile of infertility in the study population. Methods: The present cross sectional community based study was conducted in the field practice area of SGRD, Amritsar. The socio-demographic profile of the screened infertile couples was taken by filling up the pre-tested proforma. The data was statistically analysed by using SPSS (20.0 versions) IBM Chicago and valid conclusion drawn. Results: The total number of infertile couples were 291 making the prevalence of infertility 4.57% [N=6373] with primary and secondary infertility were 1.95% and 2.62% respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of infertility in the study population was 4.57% with a primary infertility was 1.95% and secondary was 2.62%. Among the infertile women 115 (39.5%) were from urban and 176 (60.5%) were from the rural area. Secondary infertility cases were higher in women from both urban and rural area.