Making Innovation Work for Society: Linking, Leveraging and Learning 1-3 November 2010 (original) (raw)
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Making Innovation Work for Society: Linking, Leveraging and Learning
2010
Innovative activities take place primarily at the city level. But the levels of analyses in the existing innovation-system literature, as well as the target of policy instruments in many developing countries in Asia, are usually limited to the national and sectoral levels. This paper proposes a new conceptual framework that may be used to elucidate the reasons and drivers of innovation and innovative capacity within complex urban environments in developing economies. We first discuss the existing concepts of innovation systems, the analytical frameworks and methodologies, and the conceptual and practical limitations. We then explain the two propositions that shape our framework. First, innovation activities require interactions among actors and activities at the three spatial dimensions: physical space, information space, and cognitive space. Cities thus provide an ideal environment for innovation, offering proximity, density and variety in the three spaces. Second, in order to capt...
On the Other Edge of Innovation
International Journal of Community Based Research, p16 - 17 , 2013
Much academic research exists about measuring the impact of innovation research on society. In this pa - per we argue that more attention should be placed on the effects that emerging models of community- university partnerships have on innovation research itself. We argue that such effects can be often disruptive and deeply re-innovative by introducing the research implications of Catalyst, a citizen-led digital-innovation research project.
Innovation is a fascinating and challenging topic, because it is something that is always changing. It is more or less a tautology that we draw on new knowledge and new combinations of knowledge, for example, as our society becomes increasingly knowledge-based and dependent on high technology. This is one of the reasons (not the only one) for the growing emphasis on open innovation – it is harder to gather all of the relevant knowledge together within the boundaries of an established organisation, and new sources of knowledge, and ways of leveraging their resources, are called for. It is also important to combine technological knowledge with understanding of market dynamics and social processes – especially when we are in the business of designing a complex new offering that features not only goods but also services, and thus the prospect of multiple interactions between the system and its users extending over periods of time. Not only are new ways of integrating knowledge required, but also we may need to employ new tools and techniques – for example in the activity of service design. The locus of innovation thus changes. It is not that the conventional R&D laboratory is disappearing – though it too may be transformed through the application of new techniques (such as simulation and modelling) and organisational changes (e.g. outsourcing and offshoring of parts of R&D and other innovation support services). But innovation can also depend much more on cooperation among many parties in a much more distributed process, with ideas emerging, being turned into prototypes or models, being tested and trialled, being implemented and redesigned, across many locations. The ways in which such cooperation can take place are enormously varied, so a wide variety of innovation processes is emerging. Large firms (or public services) can simply outsource some operations or engage in new partnerships, or they may go for crowdsourcing or working with new communities (e.g. the Open Source movement). Virtual organisations may arise, more on a bottom-up basis, to respond to invitations to undertake projects – or more spontaneously, to address problems they feel are being neglected by existing initiatives. It has long been known that users are the source of many innovations and innovative ideas, but this theme has only risen to the fore recently; again we see the locus of innovation moving away from the traditional sites of activity – which is where we tend to undertake statistical measurement and to aim policies. Of course, the locus of innovation is also changing in global terms, as emerging economies (in particular) become important investors in STI activities. While the massive efforts being made by China, in particular, may be felt to be a competitive threat by many in the West, one response is to establish new approaches to innovation cooperation on a global scale. We can also be hopeful that these efforts will contribute to innovations that help to address some of the Grand Challenges we now confront – especially those concerned with environmental sustainability and human health. If one major theme we encounter in this publication is change in the locus of innovation, we should also be prepared to consider change in the focus of innovation. As just mentioned, innovation can be explicitly directed towards addressing Grand Challenges. It is practically unthinkable that our societies will successfully meet challenges associated with demography; sustainability; food, energy and water security, and the like, without innovation being a large part of the picture. Social change may also be required, for example to curb the more damaging aspects of contemporary lifestyles (consider, for example, the obesity epidemic). But many social innovations require at least some new technology, and when we think about the changing focus of innovation, the issue is less one of a move away from conventional technological innovation, to a much more thorough understanding of how technological and social change are both required for service innovation. This itself requires some rethinking of management practice and policy development; but such a shift in focus is required if the objectives of innovation efforts are to be focused more on meeting Grand Challenges. Practitioners will need to examine just how to incentivise and facilitate such efforts, so that we can more effectively face the complex environment that the last two centuries of industrial development and innovation have bequeathed us.
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