Occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis with Prevotella intermedia in periodontal samples (original) (raw)
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Clinical Oral Investigations, 2000
Adhesion and penetration of clinical isolates of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in human gingival fibroblast monolayers were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fibroblasts were cultured from biopsies of human healthy gingiva. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were isolated from patients with periodontitis. Fibroblasts were incubated with microorganisms in an antibiotic-free medium for 24 h. Then cultures were washed to remove nonadherent bacteria. Consecutively, infected cultures were grown for another 24 h. Thereafter, the treated monolayers were prepared for TEM investigations. Internalized Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were visible after 24 h of incubation. Prevotella intermedia showed only division in cytoplasm of fibroblasts after 24 h and 48 h incubations. Infected fibroblasts revealed various morphological alterations such as extensive vacuolization and breakdown of mitochondria. These findings demonstrate that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia may invade human gingival fibroblasts and thus may damage these cells directly or due to the release of microbial cytotoxic components.
Journal of Dental Research, 1997
Previous reports have described six serotypes based on K antigens in Porphyromonas gingivalis strains. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of these serotypes in 185 patients with P. gingivalis-associated periodontitis. Polyclonal rabbit antisera, raised against each of the different type strains, were used in double-immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis assays. In addition, a subset of 76 strains was investigated for the presence of capsular structures by means of the India ink and Bruce White staining techniques. These strains were also tested for auto-aggregation in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS). All six K serotypes were present in the study sample. In total, 84 (45.4%) patients were colonized with a K-typeable P. gingivalis strain with a predominance of types K5 (12%) and K6 (23.2%). A correlation was found between arbitrary age categories and the prevalence of currently known K serotypes, which were found in 60% of patients aged 12 to 30 years, in 49% of patients aged 31 to 50, and in 25% of patients aged 51 to 70 years. In the subset of 76 P. gingivalis strains, 32 (42.1%) were K-typeable. Fifty-three strains (69.7%) showed microscopic evidence of encapsulation, suggesting the existence of K serotypes other than Kl to K6. Twenty-one strains (27.6%) auto-aggregated in PBS and were not K-typeable, nor did they show any evidence of encapsulation. It was concluded that the majority of clinical P. gingivalis isolates is encapsulated and that encapsulation is associated with the presence of a K antigen. Auto-aggregation seems to be associated with the absence of a capsular structure and, consequently, the absence of a K antigen.
International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2019
Periodontitis is defined as a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, associated to a dysbiotic biofilm and characterized by the progressive destruction of the periodontal attachment. Clinical studies have revealed the presence of 10 to 15 bacterial species that are potential periodontal pathogens in adults. From these, the most cited are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. The aim of this article is to review P. gingivalis’ characteristics and impact on periodontal and systemic health. Different studies have reported a relation between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal disease. P. gingivalis was one of the most frequently detected species in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. This is due to its unique ability to avoid the host’s immune response and contribute to the development of the destructive process. P. gingivalis, although only present in low frequency, is pathogenic because of its ability to induce dysb...
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2007
Black-pigmented anaerobic rods such as Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. are involved in the etiology and perpetuation of endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these species in chronic endodontic infections by using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Samples of 100 patients with root canals displaying chronic endodontic infections were obtained by sterilized paper points. Bacterial identification was performed by using culture and PCR techniques. By culture, in 33% of the samples, P. intermedia-P. nigrescens (75.8%), P. gingivalis (27.3%), and P. endodontalis (9.1%) were identified, and by PCR 60% of the samples harbored P. nigrescens (43.3%), P. gingivalis (43.3%), P. intermedia (31.7%), and P. endodontalis (23.3%). The presence of these black-pigmented anaerobic rods alone or in association in chronic endodontic infections seems to be frequent. PCR is a very sensitive technique for detecting DNA from bacterial cells. Culturing is only able to reveal living bacteria and is less sensitive for the identification of low numbers of bacterial cells.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontal and Systemic Implications: A Systematic Review
Dentistry Journal
In recent scientific literature, oral infections and systemic manifestations, or correlations between oral health and systemic diseases are a topic of discussion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacteria implicated in the biofilm formation of bacterial plaque, and plays an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. In this systematic review authors have evaluated the literature of the last 10 years on P. gingivalis and all the systemic implications proven. This study therefore evaluates all the districts of the organism in which this bacterium may have implications. From the results it emerges that P. gingivalis has implications in the onset of different systemic pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Surely, understanding the mechanisms of diffusion of this bacterium, it would be possible to prevent a series of pathologies. Thus, putting the dentist clinician at the center of prevention for t...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2022
Introduction:The micro-flora of oral cavity is a myriad of micro-organism. Any infection of oral cavity leads to diseased condition which is a transitional transformation of the micro-organism in a specific paradigm depending upon the diseased condition. Periodontitis is one of the predominant chronic diseases which is a multifactorial infection. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiological agent in causing periodontitis. To study the predominance of these bacteria in the diseased condition is important to detect, quantify and to find its efficacy by comparing different methods for identification.Aim and Objectives:The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of P. gingivalis by anerobic culture and by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individual and to compare efficacy of two methods.Materials and Methods:A total of 400 subjects were considered, and subgingival plaque was collected using paper points. Individual were equally divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis (200) and healthy individuals (200). Each plaque sample collected was divided into two aliquots of which the first aliquot was subjected for anerobic culture to isolate P. gingivalis. Phenotypical identification was done morphologically and biochemically further quantification of P. gingivalis was done by colony-forming unit. The second aliquot was subjected for DNA extraction and real-time PCR was conducted to detect and quantify P. gingivalis using specific primer.Results:Out of 400 samples, 73% showed detection of P. gingivalis by culture method and through reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the detection was 75%. Individual detection of P. gingivalis by culture in chronic periodontitis was 89.5% and 54.4% in healthy individuals, while detection by RT-PCR was found to be 91.5% in chronic periodontitis and 58% in healthy individuals. However, comparison between two techniques in detection of P. gingivalis was statistically insignificant.Conclusion:When we compared RT-PCR with culture RT-PCR showed higher positivity. RT-PCR is more sensitive and requires less time to detect. However, in the present study, culture also showed good positivity, suggesting proper dilution and with extended incubation, the specificity of culture can be improved to a great extent.
Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva associates with chronic and aggressive periodontitis
Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Objective: To characterize the salivary microbiota of patients with aggressive periodontitis, patients with chronica periodontitis and orally healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 81 unstimulated saliva samples from aggressive periodontitis patients (n = 31), chronic periodontitis patients (n = 25), and orally healthy controls (n = 25) were examined. The V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene was sequenced with Illumina® MiSeq TM , and sequences were annotated to the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). Results: A mean percentage of 97.6 (range: 89.8-99.7) of sequences could be identified at species level. Seven bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, were identified with significantly higher relative abundance in saliva from aggressive periodontitis patients than in saliva from orally healthy controls. Salivary abundance of P. gingivalis could discriminate aggressive (AUC: 0.80, p = 0.0001) and chronic periodontitis (AUC: 0.72, p = 0.006) from healthy controls. Likewise, salivary presence of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with aggressive (p < 0.0001, RR: 8.1 (95% CI 2.1-31.2)) and chronic periodontitis (p = 0.002, RR: 6.5 (95% CI: 1.6-25.9)). Conclusion: Salivary presence and relative abundance of P. gingivalis associate with aggressive and chronic periodontitis, but do not discriminate between aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview
Journal of Immunology Research, 2014
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive (termed pathobiont) and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions: this is attributed to its arsenal of specialized virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of one of the main periodontal pathogens-Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterium, along with Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, constitute the "red complex, " a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. This review outlines Porphyromonas gingivalis structure, its metabolism, its ability to colonize the epithelial cells, and its influence upon the host immunity.
Study of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Background: The mouth cavity hosts various types of anaerobic bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, which causes periodontal inflammatory diseases. P. gingivalis is a gram-negative oral anaerobe and is considered as a main etiological factor in periodontal diseases. Several studies have reported a relationship between P. gingivalis in individuals with periodontal diseases and a critical role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The present study aimed at estimating this probability using a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify case-control studies addressing the relationship between P. gingivalis with periodontal diseases. A total of 49 reports published from different countries from 1993 to 2014 were included in this study. I² (heterogeneity index) statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 11. Results: After a detailed analysis of the selected articles, 49 case-control studies with 5924 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The healthy controls included 2600 healthy individuals with a Mean±SD age of 36.56±7.45 years. The periodontal diseases group included 3356 patients with a mean age of 43.62±8.35 years. There was a statistically significant difference between P. gingivalis in periodontal patients and healthy controls; 9.24 (95% CI: 5.78 to 14.77; P = 0.000). In the other word, there was a significant relationship between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases. Conclusion: Analyzing the results of the present study, we found a strong association between the presence of P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases. This result suggests that another research is needed to further assess this subject.