Clinical, radiological and bacteriological findings in canine periodontitis (original) (raw)
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Detection of putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival specimens of dogs
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2007
In this study, the presence of putative periodontal organisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, Fusobacterium nucleatum,Dialister pneumosintes,Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Campylobacter rectus,Eikenella corrodens and Treponema denticola were examined from subgingival samples of 40 dogs of different breeds with (25) and without (15) periodontitis, by using the PCR method. The PCR products of each species showed specific amplicons. Of the 25 dogs with periodontitis, P. gingivalis was detected in 16 (64%) samples, C. rectus in 9 (36%), A. actinomycetemcomitans in 6 (24%), P. intermedia in 5 (20%), T. forsythensis in 5 (20%), F. nucleatum in 4 (16%) and E. corrodens in 3 (12%). T. denticola and D. pneumosintes were not detected in clinical samples from dogs with periodontitis. Moreover, P. gingivalis was detected only in one (6.66%) crossbred dog without periodontitis. Our results show that these microorganisms are present in periodontal microbiota of dogs with periodontitits, and it is important to evaluate the role of these putative periodontal microorganisms play in the periodontitis in household pets particularly, dogs in ecologic and therapeutic terms, since these animals might acquire these periodontopahogens from their respective owners.
Clinical and Microbiological Aspects in Dog Periodontal Disease
Agricultura, 2017
The purpose of this study is the identification of microflora present in the dog oral pathology, establishing connections between it and the clinical manifestations, and to make a correlation between clinical and microbiological aspects and the stages of periodontal disease. During this research 14 cases were diagnosed with periodontal disease: stage I on 3 patients (age of 3 years), stage II on 3 patients (age of 7, 6 years), stage III on 5 patients (age of 7 years) and stage IV on 2 patients (age of 10 years). In the initial stages (I, II) of periodontal disease we found gram positive bacillus arranged in a filament shape and in stages III and IV we encountered the growth of oral cocobacilli G-. The most effective antibiotics in our study is different depending of the stage of periodontal disease and was represented by Amoxiclav and Enroxil for stages I, III and IV, Amoxiclav and Ceftiofur for stage II. The oral microbiota is changing with evolution of periodontal disease, increas...
PLoS ONE, 2013
Periodontal disease is the most widespread oral disease in dogs which if left untreated results in significant pain to the pet and loss of dentition. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial species in canine plaque that are significantly associated with health, gingivitis and mild periodontitis (<25% attachment loss). In this survey subgingival plaque samples were collected from 223 dogs with healthy gingiva, gingivitis and mild periodontitis with 72 to 77 samples per health status. DNA was extracted from the plaque samples and subjected to PCR amplification of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA. Pyrosequencing of the PCR amplicons identified a total of 274 operational taxonomic units after bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus in all disease stages, particularly in health along with Moraxella and Bergeyella. Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, and Peptostreptococcaceae were the most abundant genera in mild periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis identified species from each of these genera that were significantly associated with health, gingivitis or mild periodontitis. Principal component analysis showed distinct community profiles in health and disease. The species identified show some similarities with health and periodontal disease in humans but also major differences. In contrast to human, healthy canine plaque was found to be dominated by Gram negative bacterial species whereas Gram positive anaerobic species predominate in disease. The scale of this study surpasses previously published research and enhances our understanding of the bacterial species present in canine subgingival plaque and their associations with health and early periodontal disease.
A review of the frequency and impact of periodontal disease in dogs
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2020
Periodontal disease is a frequent problem seen in veterinary practices. Primary-care veterinary practices, where diagnosis of periodontal disease is predominantly based on visual oral assessment of conscious dogs, report an average prevalence of 9.3 to 18.2% within the dog population. Detailed examinations of anaesthetised dogs report much higher prevalence of between 44 and 100%. The prevalence and severity of periodontitis varies between sizes of dogs, breeds and individuals. The lack of robust evaluation of these variances opens the opportunity for a review of the topic. A literature search was therefore undertaken to determine the frequency and extent (severity and oral location) of periodontal disease in the dog population. Both clinical and retrospective data based surveys of veterinary records, show there is an increased likelihood of developing periodontitis as age increases and with bodyweight decreases. The maxillary and mandibular incisors, fourth premolars and first molars are likely to develop the disease first although in some breeds the canines may also be involved. Poor oral care is a significant risk factor for the development of periodontal disease although diet, behaviour, environment and genetics are also likely to play a role. The information provided in this review can be used by veterinarians to improve the effectiveness of their diagnosis, treatments and interventions by focussing their efforts on the sizes, breeds and individuals most at risk. Given the potential link between periodontal disease and systemic health, veterinarians have the opportunity to positively impact the quality of life of a large number of dogs and therefore their owners.
Assessment of Changes in the Oral Microbiome That Occur in Dogs with Periodontal Disease
Veterinary Sciences
The oral microbiome in dogs is a complex community. Under some circumstances, it contributes to periodontal disease, a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a complex interaction between oral microbes and the immune system. Porphyromonas and Tannerella spp. are usually dominant in this disease. How the oral microbiome community is altered in periodontal disease, especially sub-dominant microbial populations is unclear. Moreover, how microbiome functions are altered in this disease has not been studied. In this study, we compared the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the cavity of healthy dogs to those with from periodontal disease. The microbiome of both groups clustered separately, indicating important differences. Periodontal disease resulted in a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and reductions in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Porphyromonas abundance increased 2.7 times in periodontal disease, accompanied by increases in Bacteroides a...
Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011
Background: Periodontal disease in cats is highly prevalent, and its aetiology is associated to bacteria located in the subgingival microbiota, being Porphyromonas sp. the most prevalent genus. The conventional technique to sample the subgingival microbiota is the use of cotton swabs over the mucosa and teeth; however the use of subgingival paper points could improve the bacterial recovery. Aim: The objective was to compare two microbial sampling approaches for the evaluation of the periodontal disease-associated microflora in cats. Methods: The study was designed as a pilot study. Ten cats were clinically evaluated and sampled under sedation. Subgingival pooled samples were collected from four sites. In parallel, samples were obtained with a cotton swab, by striking over the gingival margin and surface of the upper right canine. Samples were cultured on blood agar (aerobic and anaerobic incubation), Dentaid-1 (for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and enterics), and a specific medium for Bartonella henselae. Results: For total anaerobic counts, paper point samples (6.59 AE 0.5) demonstrated significantly higher counts (p = 0.03) than cotton swab samples (5.54 AE 1.1). Moreover, the use of paper points increased the frequency detection of most pathogens thus reducing false negatives for Porphyromonas gulae (100% with paper points samples and 80% with cotton swab samples). Conclusions: Significant higher recoveries of anaerobic bacteria and more frequent detection of putative periodontal pathogens was observed when microbiological sampling was performed with paper points, in cats with periodontal disease. ß
2017
Periodontal diseases are the most common infectious diseases of dogs. Up to now, the knowledge about periodontopathic bacteria in dogs remains sparse. The objectives of this study were to apply the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique, cloning and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to the investigation into subgingival plaque bacteria from healthy and periodontitis dogs; and compare DGGE patterns from the subgingival plaque of dogs and humans. Sixty-eight bacterial species were detected from subgingival plaque of 12 Poodles in Thailand and the predominant genus was Porphyromonas (n=11). Porphyromonas gulae and Treponema denticola were the most common microflora in the periodontitis dog group. In addition, DGGE band patterns from the dogs’ subgingival plaque were compared with those of humans’ subgingival plaque. The DGGE results showed different bacterial community structures between the two species, which may influence pathogenesis. Therefore...
A Retrospective Study on Periodontal Diseases in Companion Animals
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
The present study was conducted on 320 pet animals including 100 dogs, and 220 cats admitted to the clinic of the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University. A thorough oral and dental examination was performed for all animals. Radiographic imaging was conducted on animals that showed clinically progressive periodontitis and bony changes. Animals were classified into five scores according to their clinical dental examination and pocket depth. Animals with a score of 0, had healthy gingival tissue with normal pocket depth, a score (1) of those managed by dental scaling, and scores (2 and 3) of those treated by dental scaling and then non-surgical debridement. Open flap surgery was performed for more advanced cases; scores (4 and 5). Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and cramers v tests to investigate the relationship between age, diet, and sex to periodontal affection. Among the total number of admitted animals (N=320), 40.6 % (130 cases) showed periodontal diseases, 8.8% (28 cases) dogs and 31.9% (102 cases) cats. Affected males (24.4%) were higher than females (16.3%). Among the 130 animals with periodontal diseases, 142 affections were recorded. Age and diet showed high statistical significance (P<0.001). Sex showed to be statistically insignificant, (P>0.05). The cramers v test results for age and periodontal disease association showed a value of (0.490) and strong association between age and periodontal diseases.