Global cement and raw materials fusion/XRF analytical solution. II (original) (raw)
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2013
Bulk oxide determinations from a pair of portland cements are used to calculate precision and accuracy values for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of both the fused glass bead and the pressed powder sample preparation methods. This report is the second in a series on an Interlaboratory study on chemical analyses of hydraulic cements by X-ray fluorescence for the purpose of estimating precision and qualification criteria. Approximately 24 laboratories provided six replicates analyzed in duplicate for two separate portland cements containing ca. 5 % limestone, covering fifteen analytes, CaO, SiO with the laboratories roughly split between the two different sample preparations. Chemical data using traditional chemical analyses (the Reference Methods) from the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL) proficiency test program were included for comparison to the XRF results. Precision measures for within-and between-laboratory performance are presented as 1σ and 95 % limits (ASTM d2s). Accuracy criteria are based upon a two-sided 95 % prediction interval for the mean of two test results, defining the range of values one might expect for each analyte relative to a certified value of a reference material.
Analysis of Iraqi cement by X-ray Fluorescence
The WDXRF was used to determine six major elements (Ca, Fe, P, Ti, S, Si) in Iraqi cement. The standard addition and dilution method were also used with WDXRF for preparation of standard samples to evaluate seven minor elements (As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn, Zr) that participate in the quality of white cement. This method proved to be fast and accurate in daily analysis for quality control except for some major elements (Al, K, Mg, Na) due to their low energies.
Chemical Analysis of Available Portland Cement in Libyan Market Using X-Ray Fluorescence
This study compares the quality of different brands of Portland Cement (PC) available in Libyan market. The amounts of chemical constituents like SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3 and Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) were determined in accordance with Libyan (L.S.S) and Amrican (A.S.S) Standard Specifications. All the cement studies were found to be good for concrete work especially where no special property is required. The chemical and mineralogical analyses for studied clinker samples show that thedominant phases composition are C3S and C2S while the C3A andC4AF are less abundant.
Characterization of Portland cements by X-ray spectrometry allied to chemometrics
Journal of Chemometrics, 2006
This work reports the use of X-ray spectrometry (XRS) allied to chemometric techniques to easily distinguish types of Portland cements, as well as to quantify some of their constituent elements. The samples were irradiated as powders for 200 s using two distinct irradiation conditions, one more adequate for heavier elements (condition 1) and the other (condition 2) for lighter elements, using a conventional bench top energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) equipment. The spectra were processed via the software The Unscrambler, version 9.2. The PLS 1 LV1 T LV2 scores graph shows a classification into five groups, in accordance with the calcium concentration, using condition 2. The classification of the cements by producer was feasible using the PLS1 LV1 T LV3 scores graph, with condition 1. The elements Ca, Si, Al and Mg were successfully quantified using multivariate calibration of the whole spectra. However, for Fe, S and K, better results were obtained by correlating their corresponding Ka peaks with concentrations in a univariate procedure, using irradiation condition 2.
Structurally distinguishable phases of the substances present in four hydraulic (Portland) cement samples and in one white cement sample manufactured in India, were identified from their respective XRD diagrams and subsequently quantitatively analyzed using quantitative phase analysis program based on Rietveld refine ment (Bish and Howard, 1988). Phases present in all the hydraulic cement samples are tricalcium silicate (Alite and Haturite, C3S), dicalcium silicate (Larnite, C2S), brownmillerite, both orthorhombic and monoclinic phases (tetracalcium aluminoferrate, C4AF) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A). A small amount of gypsum, periclase, bassenite and other minerals were also found to be present in four Portland clinkers, while a sizeable chunk of calcium silicate hydrate gel (CAHG) was found to be present in three samples. In the white cement, as expected, neither form of brownmillerites were detected. Credibility, merits and demerits of the method used were discussed.
A Comprehensive Study of Iraqi Cement by NGS, NAA and WDXRF
2001
A comprehensive study was carried out for Iraqi cement. The natural radioactivity was measured using Natural Gamma-ray Spectroscopy, NGS The Neutron Activation Analysis, NAA, and Wavelength Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence, WDXRF, were used for analysis of Iraqi cement for its major, minor and trace elements. The study identified 63 nuclides and determined 42 elements of them.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
Chemical characterization of Portland limestone cement products collected across the nine existing cement manufacturing plants in Nigeria was conducted using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF) with the aim of determining conformity with global and local standards and investigating likely variation in quality resulting from differences in the sources of major raw materials, especially limestone used in production. The cement samples are composed essentially of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, K2O and SO3 while P2O5, MnO and TiO2 were present in trace amount. In addition to oxide compositions, the mineralogical components: Alite (C3S), Belite (C2S), Celite (C3A), and Ferrite (C4AF), and other cement quality control variables such as Lime Saturation Factor, Silica Modulus and Alumina Modulus of all the nine cement samples analyzed in this study are in agreement with the specifications for Portland limestone cement published by the Standard Organisation of Nige...
2012
A series of 30 clinker samples were collected over a period of production time. Microscopy measurements were carried out in parallel on the 30 samples to obtain quantitative data for C3S, C2S, C3A and C4AF phases. A set of samples were then selected with a view to getting a reasonable dynamic range (working range) for concentrations of the four clinker phases. These clinker granules were ground and pressed into pellets before being measured by the ARL 9900 Series Total Cement Analyzer.